Immune & Inflammation Research Compounds

Immune & inflammation research compounds are reference peptides studied in preclinical and early clinical models of immune modulation, inflammatory signalling and mucosal / epithelial barrier function. This category groups the compounds most investigated across those pathways so researchers can compare mechanism, format and documentation in one place. Every item is supplied strictly as Research Use Only (RUO) material with a batch Certificate of Analysis; nothing here is intended for human or veterinary use.
Mechanisms investigated
Immune and inflammation research spans several distinct signalling nodes, and these compounds map onto different ones — they are not interchangeable:

Thymic peptides (Thymosin Alpha-1): studied for T-cell maturation and modulation of innate/adaptive immune signalling.
Host-defence peptides (LL-37): investigated for antimicrobial-peptide biology and its crosstalk with innate immune activation.
Alpha-MSH fragment peptides (KPV, vial and capsule): studied for melanocortin-pathway signalling in models of localized inflammation and gut mucosal biology.
Zonulin-pathway peptides (Larazotide capsules): investigated for tight-junction regulation and intestinal barrier permeability.
Erythropoietin-derived peptides (ARA-290 / Cibinetide): studied for tissue-protective signalling via the innate repair receptor, independent of erythropoietic activity.

Comparison
CompoundClassPathway / targetResearch focusFormat
Thymosin Alpha-1Thymic peptideT-cell signalling / TLR pathwaysImmune modulationVial
LL-37Cathelicidin host-defence peptideInnate immune receptors / membrane interactionAntimicrobial-peptide & innate-immunity researchVial
KPVAlpha-MSH C-terminal tripeptideMelanocortin receptors (MC1R)Localized inflammation signallingVial
KPV CapsulesAlpha-MSH C-terminal tripeptideMelanocortin receptors (MC1R)Gut mucosal / inflammation researchCapsules
Larazotide CapsulesZonulin-antagonist octapeptideTight-junction / zonulin pathwayIntestinal barrier-function researchCapsules
ARA-290 (Cibinetide)EPO-derived innate repair peptideInnate repair receptor (EPOR/CD131)Tissue-protective signallingVial

Comparison

What is the difference between KPV vial and KPV capsules?

Both supply the same alpha-MSH-derived tripeptide; the vial format is used in models requiring parenteral administration, while the capsule format is studied in oral-route and gut-mucosal research designs. See our KPV research guide for the pathway detail behind each format.

How does Larazotide relate to KPV in barrier-function research?

Larazotide is a zonulin-pathway peptide studied for tight-junction regulation, while KPV acts through melanocortin receptor signalling in models of gut mucosal inflammation. Both are used in intestinal barrier-function research but target different mechanisms. Our KPV vs Larazotide comparison walks through the distinction.

Is LL-37 the same class of compound as Thymosin Alpha-1?

No. LL-37 is a cathelicidin host-defence peptide studied for antimicrobial-peptide biology and innate immune receptor interaction, while Thymosin Alpha-1 is a thymic peptide studied for T-cell maturation and broader innate/adaptive immune signalling. See the respective research guides for each mechanism.

What is ARA-290 (Cibinetide) studied for, separate from erythropoietin?

ARA-290 is an erythropoietin-derived peptide engineered to retain innate repair receptor (EPOR/CD131) signalling without the erythropoietic activity of native EPO, so it is studied specifically for tissue-protective signalling pathways. Our ARA-290 research guide covers the receptor biology in detail.

Do all compounds in this category ship with a Certificate of Analysis?

Yes. Every compound in this category is supplied as research-use-only material with a batch-specific COA covering identity and purity by HPLC and mass spectrometry.