A small molecule made untrained mice run dramatically further. Two decades and several large human trials later, acadesine’s record is a study in how rodent spectacle and clinical reality diverge.
Elamipretide is the most clinically advanced cardiolipin-targeting tetrapeptide ever tested — now an approved Barth-syndrome drug, yet with a trial record that is the field’s sharpest cautionary tale.
Most research peptides suffer from thin, animal-only data. This GLP-1 receptor agonist has the opposite problem — and the gap between a licensed medicine and a reference vial is the whole story.
Tirzepatide beat semaglutide head-to-head on weight loss in a randomised trial. Here is what the human data actually establish — and the hard line between a licensed medicine and a research-grade reference compound.
The same growth signalling that builds muscle is the one whose quieting extends lifespan in animals. An honest look at a paradox biology has not cleanly resolved in humans — and at the research tools used to probe it.
MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded inside the mitochondrial genome itself, studied as an exercise-responsive metabolic signal. The biology is genuinely striking — but the evidence is overwhelmingly preclinical.
NAD+ falls with age and an entire industry promises to refill it. But “raises NAD+” and “slows ageing” are two different claims — and in humans, only the first is well supported.
The dream of a molecule that delivers a workout’s metabolic rewards without the workout is one of longevity’s most seductive ideas. Examined honestly, it lives almost entirely in mice — promising biology, marketing far ahead of the clinic.
NAD+ is the redox coenzyme every cell uses to make energy and to fuel its sirtuins and PARPs — and its levels fall with age. Here is what the science actually shows, and what it does not.
AOD-9604 is a synthetic fragment of human growth hormone, engineered to keep a fat-metabolising signal while shedding the growth. It became a famous “fat-burning peptide” — then its human obesity trials missed the mark.
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