A freeze-dried research peptide arrives as a stable little time capsule. Most of the ways it gets ruined happen on your bench, not in transit. A QC-led guide to temperature, freeze-thaw, oxidation and solvent choice for laboratory sample preparation.
An HPLC purity figure is a percentage of chromatographic peak area, not an absolute concentration and not proof of identity. Here is what that number can and cannot tell you — and why a COA without mass spectrometry has shown you a clean peak of something, not your peptide.
A 99% purity figure tells you nothing about endotoxin load — and that blind spot is one of the quietest causes of irreproducible cell-culture and in-vitro research. Here is why the bacterial endotoxin test deserves a place on every certificate of analysis.
A vial without a Certificate of Analysis is a guess wearing a label. A COA is how “trust me” becomes “here are the numbers” — if you know how to read it. A practical, evergreen field guide for reproducible Research Use Only work.
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