Immune

Mutant-KRAS peptide cancer vaccines, read honestly: the 2026 phase I colorectal trial, ELI-002 results, and why T-cell responses have rarely meant survival.

Cibinetide was engineered to keep erythropoietin’s tissue-protective signalling while abandoning its blood-building job. The molecular logic is elegant; the human evidence, gathered mostly in small neuropathy trials, is real but early.

Humans carry a single cathelicidin. It kills microbes, calls in immune cells and helps wounds close — and, in the wrong context, teaches the immune system to attack its owner. A look at the most genuinely double-edged peptide in innate immunity.

A 28-residue thymic peptide is licensed for hepatitis across dozens of countries and drew attention during COVID-19, yet remains unapproved by the FDA. The evidence is real, large, and frustratingly uneven.