{ "title": "What the FDA evaluated in seven peptides (PCAC, 23-24 July 2026): matrix, reference census, PubMed census, registries and votes", "version": "1.0", "cut_off": "2026-10-25", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "creator": "Condor Research Editorial", "dictionary": { "evidence_type": "H human data (substance received); A animal in vivo; V in vitro or ex vivo; C chemistry, detection or analytical metabolism; R review; O humans without administration; P related but different molecule; X context", "core_author": "at least one author whose normalised surname is in the predefined originating group (scripts/classification.py)", "unit": "one row per reference entry in an FDA evaluation; duplicate_of marks within-list duplicates (counted once)", "votes": "yes-no-abstain as reported by each secondary source; null = no count given", "members": "anonymised per-member votes recomputed from Health Affairs Forefront Exhibit 4; Y yes, N no, A abstain, - not voting on that topic; order of votes follows 'substances'" }, "substances": [ "BPC-157", "KPV", "TB-500", "MOTS-c", "Emideltide", "Epitalon", "Semax" ], "matrix": { "BPC-157": { "day": "23 Jul", "memo": "2026-05-11", "aa": 15, "ids": "PubChem CID 9941957; UNII 8ED8NXK95P", "nominators": "LDT Health Solutions (for the International Peptide Society); Wells Pharmacy Network (both withdrawn)", "evaluated": "Ulcerative colitis", "not_evaluated": "Crohn's disease, coeliac disease, tendonitis (insufficient information)", "human": "5 clinical studies located (1 study in healthy volunteers reported in 2 company meeting abstracts; 1 randomised placebo-controlled meeting abstract in ulcerative colitis, n=53; 3 small reports from one US clinic). For the evaluated use: 1 trial, reported only as an abstract.", "nonclinical": "Rodent organ-protection models (colonic fistula, liver and gut lesions); dose-response not established; molecular target not identified; toxicology limited to one 28-day rat and dog programme.", "chemistry": "Not well characterised: non-standard naming; no data on peptide impurities, aggregates, bioburden or endotoxin; nominated substance inconsistent with the certificate of analysis submitted.", "safety": "Immunogenicity (aggregation, peptide-related impurities); human safety data limited to two studies of up to two weeks; no human pharmacokinetic data for the dosage forms proposed; 3 FAERS reports.", "faers": "3 reports to 2025-12-04 (administration-site reaction; shortness of breath; diffuse hyperpigmentation and gingival darkening), causality unclear", "history": "Too limited to establish; no approved product in any country; not in the European, Japanese or International Pharmacopoeia", "staff": "Do not add (free base and acetate)", "refs": [ "fda-bpc" ] }, "KPV": { "day": "23 Jul", "memo": "2026-05-12", "aa": 3, "ids": "Lys-Pro-Val; alpha-MSH(11-13); PubChem CID 125672", "nominators": "Wells Pharmacy Network (withdrawn)", "evaluated": "Wound healing and inflammatory conditions (psoriasis, eczema given as examples)", "not_evaluated": "None stated", "human": "None. No study administering KPV to humans was located by the nominator or the FDA.", "nonclinical": "Anti-inflammatory effects in rodent colitis and wound models and in cell systems; no pharmacokinetic or toxicology studies identified.", "chemistry": "Not well characterised: non-standard naming; no impurity, aggregate or microbiological data; no certificate of analysis in the nomination; limited water solubility relevant to the proposed products.", "safety": "No clinical or nonclinical safety data; immunogenicity and aggregation not assessed.", "faers": "0 reports to 2025-12-03", "history": "Extent unknown; promoted online in several formulations", "staff": "Do not add (free base and acetate)", "refs": [ "fda-kpv" ] }, "TB-500": { "day": "23 Jul", "memo": "2026-05-15", "aa": 7, "ids": "Ac-Leu-Lys-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Gln-OH (N-acetylated thymosin beta-4 17-23); PubChem CID 62707662; UNII QHK6Z47GTG", "nominators": "Wells Pharmacy Network (withdrawn)", "evaluated": "Wound healing (inferred by the FDA from the nomination's description of the actin-binding site)", "not_evaluated": "None stated", "human": "None. No study in which TB-500 was given to people for any condition was located.", "nonclinical": "No in vivo wound-healing study of TB-500; one in vitro study in which TB-500 did not promote closure of scratch wounds in fibroblasts; animal pharmacokinetic studies showing breakdown to shorter peptides; no toxicology studies.", "chemistry": "Not well characterised: the molecular formula and the CAS number given in the nomination match neither TB-500 form; no impurity, aggregate, microbial or endotoxin tests in the literature or the certificate of analysis.", "safety": "No clinical or nonclinical safety data; immunogenicity risk singled out for the dosage forms proposed.", "faers": "0 reports to 2025-03-26", "history": "Unclear; websites sell products, no compounding pharmacy identified", "staff": "Do not add (free base and acetate)", "refs": [ "fda-tb500" ] }, "MOTS-c": { "day": "23 Jul", "memo": "2026-05-11", "aa": 16, "ids": "MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR; PubChem CID 146675088; UNII A5CV6JFB78", "nominators": "Wells Pharmacy Network (withdrawn)", "evaluated": "Obesity and osteoporosis (FDA meeting page); the briefing states the six nominated uses were not evaluated for lack of information", "not_evaluated": "Insulin resistance, obesity, osteoporosis, vascular calcification, muscle and fat metabolism, longevity (as stated in the briefing)", "human": "None. No study administering MOTS-c to humans was located.", "nonclinical": "In vitro and rodent studies only; dose-response missing; molecular targets unknown; no toxicology studies.", "chemistry": "Not well characterised: non-standard naming; no impurity, aggregate or endotoxin data; water solubility relative to the proposed product unknown.", "safety": "No human data by any route; immunogenic risk of a 16-residue peptide not assessable. The FDA notes MOTS-c is listed as prohibited in the Global DRO database (WADA list).", "faers": "0 reports to 2025-03-09", "history": "Discovered 2015; no compounded use reported by outsourcing facilities", "staff": "Do not add (free base and acetate)", "refs": [ "fda-motsc" ] }, "Emideltide": { "day": "24 Jul", "memo": "2026-05-11", "aa": 9, "ids": "Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP), WAGGDASGE; PubChem CID 68816; UNII YN28Z5YZ73; WHO INN Proposed List 70", "nominators": "LDT Health Solutions (for the International Peptide Society); Wells Pharmacy Network (both withdrawn)", "evaluated": "Chronic insomnia, narcolepsy, opioid withdrawal", "not_evaluated": "Paradoxical sleep disorder (insufficient information)", "human": "Chronic insomnia: 7 publications 1981-1992, 3 to 18 participants each (Health Affairs counts 72 enrolled, possibly overlapping). Narcolepsy: 1 single-patient report. Withdrawal: 2 open-label studies (107 and 7 participants).", "nonclinical": "Sleep-promoting effects across species via opioid-dependent mechanisms; stimulates endorphin release; addictive potential not studied; no toxicology studies.", "chemistry": "Not well characterised: named as a common name, not a USAN; multiple salts and moieties sold under the name; no impurity, aggregate or endotoxin data; formulation of the proposed product not shown to be feasible without a co-solvent.", "safety": "Insomnia studies reported no significant adverse effects in small numbers; withdrawal studies reported transient headache, nausea and vertigo, and cases of hypotension; immunogenicity; long-term intermittent use not characterised.", "faers": "0 reports to 2024-03-03", "history": "Used in compounding since at least 2018; studied in humans since at least 1981", "staff": "Do not add (free base and acetate)", "refs": [ "fda-dsip" ] }, "Epitalon": { "day": "24 Jul", "memo": "2026-05-12", "aa": 4, "ids": "Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly (AEDG); PubChem CID 219042; UNII O65P17785G", "nominators": "LDT Health Solutions (for the International Peptide Society); Wells Pharmacy Network (both withdrawn)", "evaluated": "Insomnia", "not_evaluated": "Anti-ageing and longevity, telomere lengthening, other nominated uses", "human": "No study in patients with insomnia. One clinical study in healthy people (melatonin and circadian-gene measures, n=20) and one review by the originating group.", "nonclinical": "Raises serum melatonin in animals; no behavioural or EEG sleep studies; mouse genotoxicity and tumour studies limited (single dose level, females only, short exposure).", "chemistry": "Not well characterised: non-standard naming; data on identity, purity and quality for the proposed product lacking.", "safety": "No clinical safety data; immunogenicity; the FDA flags a mechanistic carcinogenicity concern because epitalon is reported to activate telomerase and lengthen telomeres.", "faers": "0 reports to 2025-12-08", "history": "Since at least 2018 (one federal prosecution cited); no compounding pharmacy identified", "staff": "Do not add (free base and acetate)", "refs": [ "fda-epitalon" ] }, "Semax": { "day": "24 Jul", "memo": "2026-05-11", "aa": 7, "ids": "Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro (ACTH(4-7)-PGP); PubChem CID 9811102; UNII I5FAL2585H", "nominators": "LDT Health Solutions (for the International Peptide Society); Wells Pharmacy Network (both withdrawn)", "evaluated": "Cerebral ischaemia (with 'nootropic' folded in), migraine, trigeminal neuralgia (from 'analgesia')", "not_evaluated": "ADHD (no supporting literature)", "human": "Effectiveness: two references, a congress abstract (unknown number of participants) and a 1996 report (12 with migraine; 25 with trigeminal neuralgia or dental plexalgia). Four Russian-language clinical articles were not considered because no verified English translation was available.", "nonclinical": "Pleiotropic effects in rodents (neurotrophic, antithrombotic, analgesic, antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like); potentiation of amphetamine-induced striatal dopamine release in mice raised an abuse-potential concern; no toxicology studies.", "chemistry": "Not well characterised: non-standard naming; impurity and aggregate data lacking; container-closure information missing for one proposed product.", "safety": "No human pharmacokinetic data; most references silent on safety; possible antithrombotic effect raises bleeding concern; immunogenicity.", "faers": "1 report to 2025-12-03 (eye pain and burning after a product bought online)", "history": "Registered medicine in Russia; widely marketed in the US by clinics and online retailers; compounding since at least 2018", "staff": "Do not add (free base and acetate)", "refs": [ "fda-semax" ] } }, "votes": { "BPC-157": { "RAPS": "8-6-1", "HPM": "8-6-1", "McDermott": "8-6-1", "HealthAffairs": "8-6-1", "BoesenSnow": "8-6-1", "eligible": 15 }, "KPV": { "RAPS": "8-6-1", "HPM": "8-6-1", "McDermott": "8-6-1", "HealthAffairs": "8-6-1", "BoesenSnow": null, "eligible": 15 }, "TB-500": { "RAPS": null, "HPM": "8-6-1", "McDermott": "8-6-1", "HealthAffairs": "8-6-1", "BoesenSnow": null, "eligible": 15 }, "MOTS-c": { "RAPS": null, "HPM": "7-5-2", "McDermott": "7-5-2", "HealthAffairs": "7-5-2", "BoesenSnow": null, "eligible": 14 }, "Emideltide": { "RAPS": "6-7-1", "HPM": null, "McDermott": "6-7-1", "HealthAffairs": "6-7-1", "BoesenSnow": "7-6 (against; no abstention stated)", "eligible": 14 }, "Epitalon": { "RAPS": "7-5-1", "HPM": null, "McDermott": "7-4-1", "HealthAffairs": "7-4-1", "BoesenSnow": null, "eligible": 12 }, "Semax": { "RAPS": "8-5 (abstention not stated)", "HPM": null, "McDermott": "8-5-1", "HealthAffairs": "8-5-1", "BoesenSnow": null, "eligible": 14 } }, "vote_sources": { "RAPS": "RAPS Regulatory Focus (J.S. Eglovitch), 23 and 24 July 2026", "HPM": "Hyman, Phelps & McNamara, FDA Law Blog, 24 July 2026 (day 1 only)", "McDermott": "McDermott Will & Schulte client alert, 27 July 2026", "HealthAffairs": "Health Affairs Forefront (Fu, Ross, Nguyen, Ramachandran), 4 August 2026, Exhibit 4, compiled from the authors' records of the meeting", "BoesenSnow": "Boesen & Snow law blog, undated post" }, "members_anonymised": [ { "member_type": "standing", "affiliation_category": "private clinical practice", "coi_flag_health_affairs": "yes", "votes": { "BPC-157": "Y", "KPV": "Y", "TB-500": "Y", "MOTS-c": "Y", "Emideltide": "Y", "Epitalon": "Y", "Semax": "Y" } }, { "member_type": "standing", "affiliation_category": "private clinical practice", "coi_flag_health_affairs": "yes", "votes": { "BPC-157": "Y", "KPV": "Y", "TB-500": "Y", "MOTS-c": "A", "Emideltide": "Y", "Epitalon": "Y", "Semax": "Y" } }, { "member_type": "standing", "affiliation_category": "pharmacy professional organisation (NABP representative)", "coi_flag_health_affairs": "", "votes": { "BPC-157": "A", "KPV": "A", "TB-500": "A", "MOTS-c": "A", "Emideltide": "A", "Epitalon": "A", "Semax": "A" } }, { "member_type": "standing", "affiliation_category": "private compounding pharmacy", "coi_flag_health_affairs": "yes", "votes": { "BPC-157": "Y", "KPV": "Y", "TB-500": "Y", "MOTS-c": "Y", "Emideltide": "Y", "Epitalon": "Y", "Semax": "Y" } }, { "member_type": "standing", "affiliation_category": "private clinical practice", "coi_flag_health_affairs": "yes", "votes": { "BPC-157": "Y", "KPV": "Y", "TB-500": "Y", "MOTS-c": "Y", "Emideltide": "Y", "Epitalon": "Y", "Semax": "Y" } }, { "member_type": "standing", "affiliation_category": "private clinical practice", "coi_flag_health_affairs": "yes", "votes": { "BPC-157": "Y", "KPV": "Y", "TB-500": "Y", "MOTS-c": "Y", "Emideltide": "-", "Epitalon": "-", "Semax": "Y" } }, { "member_type": "standing", "affiliation_category": "health services organisation", "coi_flag_health_affairs": "not found", "votes": { "BPC-157": "Y", "KPV": "Y", "TB-500": "Y", "MOTS-c": "Y", "Emideltide": "N", "Epitalon": "Y", "Semax": "Y" } }, { "member_type": "standing", "affiliation_category": "academic institution", "coi_flag_health_affairs": "", "votes": { "BPC-157": "N", "KPV": "N", "TB-500": "N", "MOTS-c": "N", "Emideltide": "N", "Epitalon": "-", "Semax": "-" } }, { "member_type": "standing", "affiliation_category": "pharmacy professional organisation (USP representative, acting chair)", "coi_flag_health_affairs": "", "votes": { "BPC-157": "N", "KPV": "N", "TB-500": "N", "MOTS-c": "N", "Emideltide": "N", "Epitalon": "N", "Semax": "N" } }, { "member_type": "standing", "affiliation_category": "private clinical practice", "coi_flag_health_affairs": "yes", "votes": { "BPC-157": "Y", "KPV": "Y", "TB-500": "Y", "MOTS-c": "Y", "Emideltide": "Y", "Epitalon": "Y", "Semax": "Y" } }, { "member_type": "standing", "affiliation_category": "private clinical practice", "coi_flag_health_affairs": "yes", "votes": { "BPC-157": "Y", "KPV": "Y", "TB-500": "Y", "MOTS-c": "Y", "Emideltide": "Y", "Epitalon": "Y", "Semax": "Y" } }, { "member_type": "temporary", "affiliation_category": "patient advocacy group (consumer representative)", "coi_flag_health_affairs": "", "votes": { "BPC-157": "N", "KPV": "N", "TB-500": "N", "MOTS-c": "N", "Emideltide": "N", "Epitalon": "N", "Semax": "N" } }, { "member_type": "temporary", "affiliation_category": "academic institution", "coi_flag_health_affairs": "", "votes": { "BPC-157": "-", "KPV": "-", "TB-500": "-", "MOTS-c": "-", "Emideltide": "-", "Epitalon": "-", "Semax": "N" } }, { "member_type": "temporary", "affiliation_category": "academic institution", "coi_flag_health_affairs": "", "votes": { "BPC-157": "N", "KPV": "-", "TB-500": "-", "MOTS-c": "-", "Emideltide": "-", "Epitalon": "-", "Semax": "-" } }, { "member_type": "temporary", "affiliation_category": "patient advocacy group (patient representative)", "coi_flag_health_affairs": "", "votes": { "BPC-157": "N", "KPV": "N", "TB-500": "N", "MOTS-c": "N", "Emideltide": "N", "Epitalon": "N", "Semax": "N" } }, { "member_type": "temporary", "affiliation_category": "government health care institution", "coi_flag_health_affairs": "", "votes": { "BPC-157": "-", "KPV": "-", "TB-500": "-", "MOTS-c": "-", "Emideltide": "-", "Epitalon": "-", "Semax": "N" } }, { "member_type": "temporary", "affiliation_category": "academic institution", "coi_flag_health_affairs": "", "votes": { "BPC-157": "-", "KPV": "N", "TB-500": "N", "MOTS-c": "-", "Emideltide": "-", "Epitalon": "-", "Semax": "-" } }, { "member_type": "temporary", "affiliation_category": "academic institution", "coi_flag_health_affairs": "", "votes": { "BPC-157": "-", "KPV": "-", "TB-500": "-", "MOTS-c": "-", "Emideltide": "N", "Epitalon": "-", "Semax": "-" } }, { "member_type": "temporary", "affiliation_category": "academic institution", "coi_flag_health_affairs": "", "votes": { "BPC-157": "N", "KPV": "N", "TB-500": "N", "MOTS-c": "N", "Emideltide": "N", "Epitalon": "N", "Semax": "-" } } ], "human_studies": [ { "substance": "BPC-157", "study": "Veljaca et al. 2002; 2003", "design": "Placebo-controlled phase 1 (company meeting abstracts)", "n": "32 randomised (24 active)", "duration": "Not stated in FDA table", "endpoint": "Tolerability, pharmacokinetics", "result": "No significant adverse events attributed; plasma levels mostly below quantification; no full paper located", "group": "Developer (Pliva)", "ref": "fda-bpc" }, { "substance": "BPC-157", "study": "Ruenzi et al. 2005", "design": "Multicentre randomised double-blind placebo-controlled (meeting abstract)", "n": "53 (46 completed)", "duration": "2 weeks", "endpoint": "Disease Activity Index, mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis", "result": "Between-group difference 1.6 points, 95% CI crossing zero; endpoint not defined in detail", "group": "Developer (Pliva)", "ref": "fda-bpc" }, { "substance": "BPC-157", "study": "Lee and Padgett 2021", "design": "Retrospective chart review, one clinic", "n": "17 (16 surveyed)", "duration": "6 to 12 months recall", "endpoint": "Patient-reported knee pain", "result": "Self-reported relief; no validated instruments", "group": "Unaffiliated clinic", "ref": "PMID:34324435" }, { "substance": "BPC-157", "study": "Lee et al. 2024", "design": "Open pilot, one clinic", "n": "12 women", "duration": "Not used here", "endpoint": "Interstitial cystitis symptoms", "result": "Authors report resolution in 10 of 12 on a global response scale; no control group", "group": "Unaffiliated clinic", "ref": "PMID:39325560" }, { "substance": "BPC-157", "study": "Lee and Burgess 2025", "design": "Open safety pilot, one clinic", "n": "2", "duration": "2 days", "endpoint": "Laboratory values, vital signs", "result": "No changes or side effects reported", "group": "Unaffiliated clinic", "ref": "PMID:40131143" }, { "substance": "Emideltide", "study": "Schneider-Helmert et al. 1981", "design": "Double-blind crossover, healthy volunteers", "n": "6", "duration": "Single sessions", "endpoint": "Sleep after infusion", "result": "Authors report more sleep, no sedation", "group": "Basel", "ref": "PMID:6895513" }, { "substance": "Emideltide", "study": "Schneider-Helmert and Schoenenberger 1981", "design": "Randomised double-blind placebo crossover", "n": "6 with chronic insomnia", "duration": "3 nights", "endpoint": "Polysomnography, sleepiness scale", "result": "Authors report longer, less interrupted sleep", "group": "Basel", "ref": "PMID:7028502" }, { "substance": "Emideltide", "study": "Schneider-Helmert and Schoenenberger 1983", "design": "Series of small double-blind studies", "n": "Small (series)", "duration": "Varied", "endpoint": "Sleep and psychophysiology", "result": "Authors report effects beyond sleep induction", "group": "Basel", "ref": "fda-dsip" }, { "substance": "Emideltide", "study": "Schneider-Helmert 1986", "design": "Double-blind, age-stratified", "n": "18 (9 + 9)", "duration": "8 nights + 1-week follow-up", "endpoint": "Sleep latency, efficiency", "result": "Author reports normalisation of sleep", "group": "Basel", "ref": "PMID:3792404" }, { "substance": "Emideltide", "study": "Schneider-Helmert 1987", "design": "Double-blind, placebo baseline", "n": "14", "duration": "7 nights", "endpoint": "Night sleep, daytime performance", "result": "Author reports improved sleep and alertness", "group": "Basel", "ref": "PMID:3622582" }, { "substance": "Emideltide", "study": "Monti et al. 1987", "design": "Randomised double-blind placebo crossover", "n": "6 with severe insomnia", "duration": "4 nights per period", "endpoint": "Polysomnography", "result": "Differences already present at baseline; 'little clinical significance'", "group": "Unaffiliated (Montevideo)", "ref": "PMID:3583493" }, { "substance": "Emideltide", "study": "Bes et al. 1992", "design": "Double-blind matched-pairs parallel groups", "n": "16 with chronic insomnia", "duration": "3 nights", "endpoint": "Objective and subjective sleep", "result": "Weak effects, partly due to change in the placebo group; 'not likely to be of major therapeutic benefit'", "group": "Unaffiliated (Netherlands)", "ref": "PMID:1299794" }, { "substance": "Emideltide", "study": "Schneider-Helmert 1984", "design": "Single-patient report", "n": "1 with narcolepsy", "duration": "Not used here", "endpoint": "Sleep", "result": "Uninterpretable for effectiveness (FDA)", "group": "Basel", "ref": "PMID:6548968" }, { "substance": "Emideltide", "study": "Dick et al. 1984", "design": "Open-label", "n": "107 (47 alcohol, 60 opioid)", "duration": "Not used here", "endpoint": "Withdrawal symptoms", "result": "Authors report benefit; 9 minor and 3 serious adverse events (FDA count)", "group": "Unaffiliated (Geneva)", "ref": "PMID:6548969" }, { "substance": "Emideltide", "study": "Backmund et al. 1998", "design": "Open-label", "n": "7 with opioid dependence", "duration": "Not used here", "endpoint": "Detoxification", "result": "Only 2 of 7 completed the protocol and detoxified (FDA)", "group": "Unaffiliated (Munich)", "ref": "PMID:9617990" }, { "substance": "Epitalon", "study": "Ivko et al. 2021", "design": "Clinical study in healthy people", "n": "20", "duration": "20 days", "endpoint": "Melatonin and circadian-gene expression", "result": "No clinical sleep outcome; FDA: therapeutic relevance unclear", "group": "Originating network", "ref": "DOI:10.1134/s2079057021010380" }, { "substance": "Semax", "study": "Cherkasova et al. 2002", "design": "Congress abstract, rats and people", "n": "Unknown", "duration": "Not stated", "endpoint": "Clotting-related laboratory measures", "result": "Full results not given (FDA)", "group": "Developer (Ashmarin)", "ref": "DOI:10.1016/s0924-977x(02)80695-2" }, { "substance": "Semax", "study": "Koroleva et al. 1996", "design": "Uncontrolled, single administration", "n": "12 migraine; 25 trigeminal neuralgia or dental plexalgia", "duration": "Minutes", "endpoint": "Unvalidated pain-sensitivity scale, evoked potentials", "result": "No change in typical trigeminal neuralgia; FDA: lack of effectiveness", "group": "Developer (Kamensky, Nezavibat'ko)", "ref": "DOI:10.1007/bf02447659" }, { "substance": "Semax", "study": "Gusev et al. 2018 (not considered by FDA)", "design": "Controlled comparison after ischaemic stroke, in Russian", "n": "110", "duration": "Not used here", "endpoint": "Plasma BDNF, motor scale, Barthel index", "result": "Authors report higher BDNF and better recovery; excluded under 21 CFR 10.20(c)(2)", "group": "Clinical partner of developers", "ref": "PMID:29798983" } ], "trials": [ { "substance": "BPC-157", "nct": "NCT02637284", "sponsor": "PharmaCotherapia d.o.o.", "phase": "Phase 1", "country": "Mexico", "planned_n": 42, "status": "Unknown (last update 2015-12-22)", "results_posted": "No", "in_fda_evaluation": "Mentioned by the FDA" }, { "substance": "BPC-157", "nct": "NCT07437547", "sponsor": "Hudson Biotech", "phase": "Phase 2", "country": "China", "planned_n": 120, "status": "Recruiting", "results_posted": "No", "in_fda_evaluation": "Not mentioned (registered 2026-02-22)" }, { "substance": "BPC-157", "nct": "NCT07803250", "sponsor": "University of Arkansas", "phase": "Phase 1", "country": "United States", "planned_n": 30, "status": "Not yet recruiting", "results_posted": "No", "in_fda_evaluation": "Registered after the briefings (2026-08-12)" }, { "substance": "TB-500", "nct": "NCT07487363", "sponsor": "Hudson Biotech", "phase": "Phase 1/2", "country": "China", "planned_n": 80, "status": "Recruiting", "results_posted": "No", "in_fda_evaluation": "Not mentioned (registered 2026-03-14)" }, { "substance": "MOTS-c", "nct": "NCT07505745", "sponsor": "Hudson Biotech", "phase": "Phase 2", "country": "China", "planned_n": 120, "status": "Recruiting", "results_posted": "No", "in_fda_evaluation": "Not mentioned (registered 2026-03-14)" } ], "trials_excluded": "BPC-157: NCT07752381 (multi-ingredient gummy, completed, no results). Epitalon: NCT07888595 (multi-ingredient serum, registered 2026-10-08). MOTS-c: 6 records measure endogenous MOTS-c without administering it. KPV, emideltide and Semax: 0 records.", "ctgov_raw": { "run_date": "2026-10-25", "substances": { "BPC-157": { "NCT07803250": { "title": "Impact of BPC-157 on Recovery Following Rotator Cuff Repair Surgery", "status": "NOT_YET_RECRUITING", "type": "INTERVENTIONAL", "interventions": [ "BPC-157", "Sham (No Treatment)" ], "sponsor": "University of Arkansas", "start": "2027-01-01", "completion": "2027-08-01", "enrollment": 30, "has_results": false, "matched": [ "BPC-157", "BPC 157", "BPC157", "bepecin", "pentadecapeptide" ] }, "NCT07437547": { "title": "BPC 157 for Acute Hamstring Muscle Strain Repair", "status": "RECRUITING", "type": "INTERVENTIONAL", "interventions": [ "Pentadecapeptide BPC 157", "Placebo" ], "sponsor": "Hudson Biotech", "start": "2026-02-02", "completion": "2028-02-17", "enrollment": 120, "has_results": false, "matched": [ "BPC-157", "BPC 157", "BPC157", "bepecin", "pentadecapeptide" ] }, "NCT07752381": { "title": "A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effects of Peptide Gummies on Markers of Inflammation, Physical Performance, and Recovery", "status": "COMPLETED", "type": "INTERVENTIONAL", "interventions": [ "Parlay Recover Peptide Gummies" ], "sponsor": "Parlay Wellness", "start": "2025-09-01", "completion": "2025-11-01", "enrollment": 40, "has_results": false, "matched": [ "BPC-157", "BPC 157", "BPC157", "bepecin" ] }, "NCT02637284": { "title": "PCO-02 - Safety and Pharmacokinetics Trial", "status": "UNKNOWN", "type": "INTERVENTIONAL", "interventions": [ "Bepecin", "Placebo" ], "sponsor": "PharmaCotherapia d.o.o.", "start": "2015-10", "completion": "2016-03", "enrollment": 42, "has_results": false, "matched": [ "BPC-157", "BPC 157", "BPC157", "bepecin", "pentadecapeptide" ] } }, "KPV": {}, "TB-500": { "NCT07487363": { "title": "TB-500 (Thymosin Beta 4 17-23 Fragment) for Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Stable ASCVD", "status": "RECRUITING", "type": "INTERVENTIONAL", "interventions": [ "TB-500", "Placebo" ], "sponsor": "Hudson Biotech", "start": "2026-02-05", "completion": "2028-02-17", "enrollment": 80, "has_results": false, "matched": [ "TB-500", "TB500" ] } }, "MOTS-c": { "NCT07438002": { "title": "Analysis of Effects of High-intensity Physical Exercise in Subjects With Dialyzed Chronic Kidney Disease and in Conservative Treatment", "status": "RECRUITING", "type": "INTERVENTIONAL", "interventions": [ "Exercise", "control" ], "sponsor": "Casa di Cura Dott. Pederzoli", "start": "2025-09-02", "completion": "2026-09", "enrollment": 50, "has_results": false, "matched": [ "MOTS-c" ] }, "NCT04027712": { "title": "Platelet Reactivity, B-amyloid, MOTS-c and Mortality of Type II Diabetics With CAD", "status": "UNKNOWN", "type": "OBSERVATIONAL", "interventions": [], "sponsor": "University of Athens", "start": "2014-01-01", "completion": "2021-12-31", "enrollment": 120, "has_results": false, "matched": [ "MOTS-c" ] }, "NCT06133946": { "title": "Cohort Of DEafness-gene Screening", "status": "ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING", "type": "OBSERVATIONAL", "interventions": [ "Genetic screening test (Deafness gene variant detection array kit)" ], "sponsor": "Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University", "start": "2016-01-01", "completion": "2028-12-31", "enrollment": 35920, "has_results": false, "matched": [ "MOTS-c" ] }, "NCT03878706": { "title": "The Cardiovascular Effect of GLP-1 Agonist, SGLT2 Inhibitor and Their Combination", "status": "RECRUITING", "type": "OBSERVATIONAL", "interventions": [], "sponsor": "University of Athens", "start": "2017-11-03", "completion": "2027-06-30", "enrollment": 240, "has_results": false, "matched": [ "MOTS-c" ] }, "NCT07638696": { "title": "Mitophagy and Mitochondrial DNA Dynamics During Ramadan Dry Fasting vs 16:8 Time-Restricted Feeding", "status": "NOT_YET_RECRUITING", "type": "OBSERVATIONAL", "interventions": [ "Ramadan Intermittent Dry Fasting (Sawm)", "16:8 Time-Restricted Feeding (TRF)" ], "sponsor": "Bahcesehir Cyprus University", "start": "2027-01-15", "completion": "2027-04-30", "enrollment": 120, "has_results": false, "matched": [ "MOTS-c" ] }, "NCT06500975": { "title": "Long Term Outcomes After Vestibular Implantation", "status": "RECRUITING", "type": "INTERVENTIONAL", "interventions": [ "Labyrinth Devices MVI™ Multichannel Vestibular Implant System" ], "sponsor": "Johns Hopkins University", "start": "2024-12-01", "completion": "2029-12", "enrollment": 32, "has_results": false, "matched": [ "MOTS-c" ] }, "NCT07678073": { "title": "Comparison of the Effects of General Anesthesia and Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia on Ferroptosis, Humanin and MOTS-c Levels in Renal Transplantation", "status": "RECRUITING", "type": "INTERVENTIONAL", "interventions": [ "Sevoflurane General Anesthesia", "Bupivacaine and Morphine for Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia" ], "sponsor": "University of Gaziantep", "start": "2026-03-01", "completion": "2026-10-15", "enrollment": 68, "has_results": false, "matched": [ "MOTS-c" ] }, "NCT07505745": { "title": "MOTS-c for Improving Insulin Sensitivity in Adults With Prediabetes and Overweight/Obesity", "status": "RECRUITING", "type": "INTERVENTIONAL", "interventions": [ "MOTS-c (MDP)", "Placebo", "Route Subcutaneous injection", "Regimen" ], "sponsor": "Hudson Biotech", "start": "2026-02-02", "completion": "2028-05-17", "enrollment": 120, "has_results": false, "matched": [ "MOTS-c" ] } }, "Emideltide": {}, "Semax": {}, "Epitalon": { "NCT07888595": { "title": "Systemic and Topical Geroprotective Rejuvenation Assessed by START/REST Aging Clocks", "status": "ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION", "type": "INTERVENTIONAL", "interventions": [ "Topical anti-aging peptide serum" ], "sponsor": "Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute and Aging", "start": "2026-10-21", "completion": "2028-10-14", "enrollment": 48, "has_results": false, "matched": [ "Epitalon", "Epithalon", "Epithalone", "Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly" ] } } } }, "claims": [ { "claim": "The FDA approved BPC-157 and five other peptides in July 2026.", "verdict": "Contradicted", "evidence": "An advisory committee voted; it does not approve anything. FDA staff had recommended against all seven. At the cut-off there was no proposed rule in the Federal Register and none of the seven was in Category 1 of the 503A list.", "sources": [ "fda-intro", "fr-search", "fda-503a-list" ] }, { "claim": "Compounding pharmacies can now legally use these peptides.", "verdict": "Not supported", "evidence": "Federal status had not changed at the cut-off. Law-firm analyses describe notice-and-comment rulemaking, or an interim Category 1 entry, as the next step; neither had occurred. This dossier does not assess legality.", "sources": [ "mcdermott", "hpm", "fda-503a-list" ] }, { "claim": "The FDA reviewed the evidence and found these peptides safe.", "verdict": "Contradicted", "evidence": "For every substance the staff found the safety information insufficient and raised immunogenicity concerns; for KPV, TB-500 and MOTS-c no human data of any kind were located.", "sources": [ "fda-bpc", "fda-kpv", "fda-tb500", "fda-motsc" ] }, { "claim": "The committee's vote was a strong endorsement.", "verdict": "Qualified", "evidence": "Four of the six positive recommendations passed by two votes and two by three (epitalon by two in the RAPS count). In the per-member table published in Health Affairs Forefront, no temporary member voted yes on any substance.", "sources": [ "healthaffairs" ] }, { "claim": "Epitalon passed 7 to 5.", "verdict": "Disputed", "evidence": "RAPS reports 7-5-1; McDermott and the Health Affairs table report 7-4-1. The roster restricts epitalon to 12 eligible voters, so a 13-vote total is not arithmetically possible on that roster.", "sources": [ "raps-2", "mcdermott", "healthaffairs", "fda-roster" ] }, { "claim": "Emideltide lost 7 to 6.", "verdict": "Qualified", "evidence": "Boesen & Snow write '7-6'; RAPS, McDermott and the Health Affairs table give 6 yes, 7 no, 1 abstention. The outcome is the same; the counts are written differently.", "sources": [ "boesensnow", "raps-2", "mcdermott", "healthaffairs" ] }, { "claim": "The FDA reviewed hundreds of BPC-157 studies.", "verdict": "Qualified", "evidence": "The BPC-157 evaluation cites 65 references; 15 are context (guidelines, epidemiology, peptide science). Of the 39 primary studies, 21 have a Zagreb-group author. The only trial in the evaluated use is a 2005 meeting abstract.", "sources": [ "fda-bpc" ] }, { "claim": "There is no human research on any of these peptides.", "verdict": "Qualified", "evidence": "The FDA located human studies for BPC-157, emideltide, Semax and epitalon, all small or uncontrolled; it located none for KPV, TB-500 or MOTS-c.", "sources": [ "fda-bpc", "fda-dsip", "fda-semax", "fda-epitalon" ] }, { "claim": "TB-500 is thymosin beta-4, so the thymosin beta-4 literature applies.", "verdict": "Contradicted", "evidence": "The FDA evaluated Ac-LKKTETQ, a 7-residue acetylated fragment. Of the 20 references in its TB-500 evaluation, 7 concern thymosin beta-4 or other fragments of it; it found no in vivo wound study of TB-500 itself.", "sources": [ "fda-tb500", "PMID:22962027" ] }, { "claim": "Semax was assessed as a nootropic.", "verdict": "Qualified", "evidence": "The FDA folded 'nootropic' into cerebral ischaemia because the term has no ICD-10 code or guideline, and it did not evaluate ADHD. Four Russian-language clinical papers were set aside for lack of verified translations.", "sources": [ "fda-semax" ] }, { "claim": "Epitalon was reviewed as an anti-ageing peptide.", "verdict": "Contradicted", "evidence": "Only insomnia was evaluated. The telomerase findings appear in the safety section, as a mechanistic carcinogenicity concern.", "sources": [ "fda-epitalon", "PMID:12937682" ] }, { "claim": "Clinics asked the FDA to list these peptides, and the FDA is responding to them.", "verdict": "Qualified", "evidence": "All nominations were withdrawn. The FDA evaluated the substances on its own initiative and kept the nominations' information in the record.", "sources": [ "fda-intro", "hpm" ] }, { "claim": "The FDA always follows its advisory committee.", "verdict": "Qualified", "evidence": "The FDA's acting compounding director said at the meeting that the agency had gone against a PCAC recommendation at least once (as reported by Hyman, Phelps & McNamara); McDermott writes that it rarely diverges.", "sources": [ "hpm", "mcdermott" ] } ], "timeline": [ { "date": "1977", "event": "DSIP (later emideltide) isolated and characterised in Basel", "sources": [ "PMID:265572" ] }, { "date": "1984", "event": "Moscow group reports a long-acting ACTH(4-10) analogue, the basis of Semax", "sources": [ "DOI:10.1007/bf00769795" ] }, { "date": "1993", "event": "BPC 157 first described by the Zagreb group", "sources": [ "PMID:8298609" ] }, { "date": "2003", "event": "Telomerase report on epitalon in human somatic cells, St Petersburg", "sources": [ "PMID:12937682" ] }, { "date": "2012", "event": "First doping-control papers on TB-500", "sources": [ "PMID:22962027", "PMID:23084823" ] }, { "date": "2015", "event": "MOTS-c described at the University of Southern California", "sources": [ "PMID:25738459" ] }, { "date": "2019-02-19", "event": "Final rule sets the four 503A evaluation criteria (84 FR 4696)", "sources": [ "fda-intro" ] }, { "date": "2023-09", "event": "Peptides placed in 503A Category 2 (secondary account)", "sources": [ "mcdermott" ] }, { "date": "2026-04-15", "event": "Twelve peptides leave Category 2 after nominations are withdrawn (secondary account)", "sources": [ "mcdermott", "fda-503a-list" ] }, { "date": "2026-04-16", "event": "Federal Register meeting notice; docket FDA-2025-N-6895 opens", "sources": [ "fr-notice" ] }, { "date": "2026-05-11", "event": "FDA staff evaluations dated 11-15 May; all recommend against listing", "sources": [ "fda-intro" ] }, { "date": "2026-07-23", "event": "PCAC day 1: BPC-157, KPV, TB-500, MOTS-c", "sources": [ "fda-agenda" ] }, { "date": "2026-07-24", "event": "PCAC day 2: emideltide, epitalon, Semax", "sources": [ "fda-agenda" ] }, { "date": "2026-10-25", "event": "Cut-off: no proposed rule, no Category 1 entry, no minutes posted", "sources": [ "fr-search", "fda-503a-list", "fda-meeting" ] } ], "metrics": { "BPC-157": { "n_unique_refs": 65, "n_duplicates_removed": 0, "by_type": { "A": 27, "V": 4, "X": 15, "C": 2, "R": 11, "H": 6 }, "lineage_label": "Zagreb (Sikiric/Seiwerth); broad adds Pliva (PL 14736) authors", "concentration": { "S1_core_primary": { "k": 21, "n": 39, "pct": 53.8 }, "S2_broad_primary": { "k": 25, "n": 39, "pct": 64.1 }, "S3_network_primary": { "k": 26, "n": 39, "pct": 66.7 }, "S4_core_all_specific": { "k": 29, "n": 50, "pct": 58.0 }, "S5_core_human": { "k": 0, "n": 6, "pct": 0.0 }, "S6_broad_human": { "k": 3, "n": 6, "pct": 50.0 } }, "top_authors_primary": [ { "author": "sikiric", "records": 21, "pct": 53.8 }, { "author": "seiwerth", "records": 19, "pct": 48.7 }, { "author": "brcic", "records": 9, "pct": 23.1 } ], "human_refs": [ { "id": "BPC-157-029", "year": 2025, "first": "Lee", "title": "Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study", "pmid": "40131143", "core": false, "broad": false }, { "id": "BPC-157-030", "year": 2021, "first": "Lee", "title": "Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain", "pmid": "34324435", "core": false, "broad": false }, { "id": "BPC-157-031", "year": 2024, "first": "Lee", "title": "Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study", "pmid": "39325560", "core": false, "broad": false }, { "id": "BPC-157-039", "year": 2005, "first": "Ruenzi", "title": "A Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase Ii Study of Pl 14736 Enema in the Treatment of Mild-to", "pmid": null, "core": false, "broad": true }, { "id": "BPC-157-061", "year": 2002, "first": "Veljaca", "title": "The Development of Pl 14736 for Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, IUPHAR-GI Section Symposium, Honolulu", "pmid": null, "core": false, "broad": true }, { "id": "BPC-157-062", "year": 2003, "first": "Veljaca", "title": "Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of Pl 14736, a Novel Agent for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis, in Healthy Mal", "pmid": null, "core": false, "broad": true } ], "pubmed": { "query": "(\"BPC 157\"[tiab] OR \"BPC-157\"[tiab] OR BPC157[tiab] OR bepecin[tiab] OR \"PL 14736\"[tiab] OR \"PL-14736\"[tiab] OR PL14736[tiab] OR \"pentadecapeptide BPC\"[tiab] OR \"body protection compound\"[tiab] OR \"body protective compound\"[tiab])", "count_query": 234, "count_relevant": 232, "core_author_records": 176, "core_author_pct": 75.9, "core_names_pubmed": [ "Sikiric P", "Seiwerth S" ], "fda_cited_substance_pmids": 41, "fda_cited_in_census": 41, "coverage_pct_of_census": 17.7, "by_year": { "1992": 1, "1993": 2, "1994": 1, "1996": 2, "1997": 8, "1998": 1, "1999": 9, "2000": 2, "2001": 9, "2002": 1, "2003": 3, "2004": 4, "2005": 3, "2006": 6, "2007": 3, "2008": 3, "2009": 8, "2010": 6, "2011": 5, "2012": 2, "2013": 5, "2014": 4, "2015": 5, "2016": 8, "2017": 11, "2018": 9, "2019": 6, "2020": 12, "2021": 19, "2022": 12, "2023": 10, "2024": 5, "2025": 16, "2026": 31 } } }, "KPV": { "n_unique_refs": 17, "n_duplicates_removed": 0, "by_type": { "R": 3, "A": 5, "X": 4, "V": 3, "P": 2 }, "lineage_label": "alpha-MSH tripeptide lineage (Lipton/Catania); broad adds Münster (Luger/Brzoska/Böhm) and Atlanta (Merlin)", "concentration": { "S1_core_primary": { "k": 2, "n": 8, "pct": 25.0 }, "S2_broad_primary": { "k": 3, "n": 8, "pct": 37.5 }, "S3_network_primary": { "k": 2, "n": 8, "pct": 25.0 }, "S4_core_all_specific": { "k": 2, "n": 11, "pct": 18.2 }, "S5_core_human": { "k": 0, "n": 0, "pct": null }, "S6_broad_human": { "k": 0, "n": 0, "pct": null } }, "top_authors_primary": [ { "author": "lipton", "records": 2, "pct": 25.0 }, { "author": "camillieri", "records": 1, "pct": 12.5 }, { "author": "bonfiglio", "records": 1, "pct": 12.5 } ], "human_refs": [], "pubmed": { "query": "(KPV[tiab] OR \"Lys-Pro-Val\"[tiab] OR \"lysyl-prolyl-valine\"[tiab] OR \"alpha-MSH(11-13)\"[tiab] OR \"alpha-MSH 11-13\"[tiab] OR \"MSH(11-13)\"[tiab] OR \"alpha-MSH-(11-13)\"[tiab])", "count_query": 150, "count_relevant": 123, "core_author_records": 21, "core_author_pct": 17.1, "core_names_pubmed": [ "Lipton JM", "Catania A" ], "fda_cited_substance_pmids": 12, "fda_cited_in_census": 10, "coverage_pct_of_census": 8.1, "by_year": { "1976": 2, "1978": 1, "1979": 1, "1982": 2, "1983": 1, "1984": 3, "1985": 1, "1986": 2, "1987": 1, "1988": 1, "1989": 6, "1990": 2, "1991": 3, "1992": 3, "1993": 2, "1994": 5, "1995": 5, "1996": 3, "1997": 5, "1998": 5, "2000": 5, "2001": 4, "2002": 3, "2003": 6, "2004": 1, "2005": 1, "2006": 4, "2007": 3, "2008": 5, "2010": 2, "2011": 2, "2012": 3, "2013": 2, "2015": 1, "2016": 1, "2017": 3, "2018": 1, "2019": 2, "2020": 2, "2021": 3, "2022": 3, "2023": 1, "2024": 2, "2025": 4, "2026": 5 } } }, "TB-500": { "n_unique_refs": 20, "n_duplicates_removed": 3, "by_type": { "C": 3, "X": 7, "P": 7, "A": 1, "V": 2 }, "lineage_label": "no TB-500 originator; thymosin beta-4 lineage (Goldstein/Kleinman/Sosne) used as proxy", "concentration": { "S1_core_primary": { "k": 1, "n": 6, "pct": 16.7 }, "S2_broad_primary": { "k": 1, "n": 6, "pct": 16.7 }, "S3_network_primary": { "k": 1, "n": 6, "pct": 16.7 }, "S4_core_all_specific": { "k": 1, "n": 6, "pct": 16.7 }, "S5_core_human": { "k": 0, "n": 0, "pct": null }, "S6_broad_human": { "k": 0, "n": 0, "pct": null } }, "top_authors_primary": [ { "author": "vaneenoo", "records": 1, "pct": 16.7 }, { "author": "esposito", "records": 1, "pct": 16.7 }, { "author": "vandereycken", "records": 1, "pct": 16.7 } ], "human_refs": [], "pubmed": { "query": "(\"TB-500\"[tiab] OR TB500[tiab] OR \"TB 500\"[tiab] OR LKKTETQ[tiab] OR \"Ac-LKKTETQ\"[tiab] OR \"Ac-Leu-Lys-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Gln\"[tiab])", "count_query": 39, "count_relevant": 30, "core_author_records": 2, "core_author_pct": 6.7, "core_names_pubmed": [ "Goldstein AL", "Kleinman HK", "Sosne G" ], "fda_cited_substance_pmids": 12, "fda_cited_in_census": 7, "coverage_pct_of_census": 23.3, "by_year": { "2003": 1, "2006": 1, "2007": 1, "2010": 1, "2012": 2, "2013": 1, "2014": 2, "2015": 1, "2016": 3, "2017": 1, "2018": 1, "2022": 1, "2023": 1, "2024": 1, "2025": 1, "2026": 11 } } }, "MOTS-c": { "n_unique_refs": 19, "n_duplicates_removed": 0, "by_type": { "V": 2, "X": 4, "O": 1, "A": 7, "C": 1, "R": 4 }, "lineage_label": "University of Southern California (Lee C/Cohen P)", "concentration": { "S1_core_primary": { "k": 3, "n": 11, "pct": 27.3 }, "S2_broad_primary": { "k": 3, "n": 11, "pct": 27.3 }, "S3_network_primary": { "k": 6, "n": 11, "pct": 54.5 }, "S4_core_all_specific": { "k": 4, "n": 15, "pct": 26.7 }, "S5_core_human": { "k": 0, "n": 0, "pct": null }, "S6_broad_human": { "k": 0, "n": 0, "pct": null } }, "top_authors_primary": [ { "author": "lu", "records": 4, "pct": 36.4 }, { "author": "chen", "records": 3, "pct": 27.3 }, { "author": "wang", "records": 3, "pct": 27.3 } ], "human_refs": [], "pubmed": { "query": "(\"MOTS-c\"[tiab] OR MOTSc[tiab] OR \"MOTS c\"[tiab] OR \"mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA\"[tiab] OR \"mitochondrial open-reading-frame of the twelve S rRNA\"[tiab])", "count_query": 266, "count_relevant": 257, "core_author_records": 38, "core_author_pct": 14.8, "core_names_pubmed": [ "Lee C", "Cohen P" ], "fda_cited_substance_pmids": 14, "fda_cited_in_census": 14, "coverage_pct_of_census": 5.4, "by_year": { "2014": 1, "2015": 3, "2016": 3, "2017": 3, "2018": 10, "2019": 18, "2020": 12, "2021": 30, "2022": 22, "2023": 31, "2024": 32, "2025": 41, "2026": 50, "2027": 1 } } }, "Emideltide": { "n_unique_refs": 87, "n_duplicates_removed": 0, "by_type": { "X": 29, "P": 4, "V": 6, "H": 14, "A": 24, "R": 7, "C": 3 }, "lineage_label": "Basel discoverers (Monnier/Schoenenberger) and clinical arm (Schneider-Helmert); broad adds Graf", "concentration": { "S1_core_primary": { "k": 13, "n": 47, "pct": 27.7 }, "S2_broad_primary": { "k": 13, "n": 47, "pct": 27.7 }, "S3_network_primary": { "k": 14, "n": 47, "pct": 29.8 }, "S4_core_all_specific": { "k": 13, "n": 54, "pct": 24.1 }, "S5_core_human": { "k": 7, "n": 14, "pct": 50.0 }, "S6_broad_human": { "k": 7, "n": 14, "pct": 50.0 } }, "top_authors_primary": [ { "author": "schoenenberger", "records": 8, "pct": 17.0 }, { "author": "schneiderhelmert", "records": 7, "pct": 14.9 }, { "author": "monnier", "records": 6, "pct": 12.8 } ], "human_refs": [ { "id": "Emideltide-072", "year": 1998, "first": "Backmund", "title": "Opioid Detoxification With Delta Sleep-inducing Peptide: Results of an Open Clinical Trial", "pmid": "9617990", "core": false, "broad": false }, { "id": "Emideltide-077", "year": 1992, "first": "Bes", "title": "Effects of Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide on Sleep of Chronic Insomniac Patients, A Double-blind Study", "pmid": "1299794", "core": false, "broad": false }, { "id": "Emideltide-079", "year": 1984, "first": "Dick", "title": "DSIP in the Treatment of Withdrawal Syndromes From Alcohol and Opiates", "pmid": "6548969", "core": false, "broad": false }, { "id": "Emideltide-080", "year": 1983, "first": "Dick", "title": "Successful Treatment of Withdrawal Symptoms with Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide, a Neuropeptide With Potential Agonistic A", "pmid": "6328354", "core": false, "broad": false }, { "id": "Emideltide-094", "year": 1984, "first": "Kaeser", "title": "A Clinical Trial With DSIP", "pmid": null, "core": false, "broad": false }, { "id": "Emideltide-103", "year": 1984, "first": "Laffont", "title": "Sleep Disturbances in a Case of Brain-Stem Lesions; Pharmacological Study", "pmid": "6198141", "core": true, "broad": true }, { "id": "Emideltide-112", "year": 1987, "first": "Monti", "title": "Study of Delta Sleep- Inducing Peptide Efficacy in Improving Sleep on Short-Term Administration to Chronic Insomniacs", "pmid": "3583493", "core": false, "broad": false }, { "id": "Emideltide-129", "year": 1984, "first": "Schneider-Helmert", "title": "Effects of DSIP on Narcolepsy", "pmid": "6548968", "core": true, "broad": true }, { "id": "Emideltide-130", "year": 1986, "first": "Schneider-Helmert", "title": "Efficacy of DSIP to Normalize Sleep in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chronic Insomniacs", "pmid": "3792404", "core": true, "broad": true }, { "id": "Emideltide-131", "year": 1987, "first": "Schneider-Helmert", "title": "Effects of Delta-Sleep-Inducing Peptide on 24-Hour Sleep-Wake Behaviour in Severe Chronic Insomnia", "pmid": "3622582", "core": true, "broad": true }, { "id": "Emideltide-132", "year": 1981, "first": "Schneider-Helmert", "title": "Acute and Delayed Effects of DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide) on Human Sleep Behavior", "pmid": "6895513", "core": true, "broad": true }, { "id": "Emideltide-133", "year": 1981, "first": "Schneider-Helmert", "title": "The Influence of Synthetic DSIP (Delta- Sleep-Inducing-Peptide) on Disturbed Human Sleep", "pmid": "7028502", "core": true, "broad": true }, { "id": "Emideltide-134", "year": 1983, "first": "Schneider-Helmert", "title": "Effects of DSIP in Man. Multifunctional Psychophysiological Properties Besides Induction of Natural Sleep", "pmid": "6689058", "core": true, "broad": true }, { "id": "Emideltide-139", "year": 1995, "first": "Spath-Schwalbe", "title": "Delta-Sleep-Inducing Peptide Does Not Affect CRH and Meal-Induced ACTH and Cortisol Secretion", "pmid": "7777652", "core": false, "broad": false } ], "pubmed": { "query": "(\"Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide\"[Mesh] OR \"delta sleep-inducing peptide\"[tiab] OR \"delta sleep inducing peptide\"[tiab] OR DSIP[tiab] OR emideltide[tiab] OR deltaran[tiab])", "count_query": 541, "count_relevant": 449, "core_author_records": 34, "core_author_pct": 7.6, "core_names_pubmed": [ "Schoenenberger GA", "Monnier M", "Schneider-Helmert D" ], "fda_cited_substance_pmids": 54, "fda_cited_in_census": 51, "coverage_pct_of_census": 11.4, "by_year": { "1977": 6, "1978": 4, "1979": 2, "1980": 8, "1981": 9, "1982": 11, "1983": 18, "1984": 29, "1985": 14, "1986": 26, "1987": 23, "1988": 17, "1989": 22, "1990": 21, "1991": 20, "1992": 26, "1993": 12, "1994": 15, "1995": 21, "1996": 9, "1997": 9, "1998": 15, "1999": 8, "2000": 4, "2001": 11, "2002": 7, "2003": 16, "2004": 9, "2005": 2, "2006": 9, "2007": 5, "2008": 5, "2009": 5, "2010": 1, "2011": 2, "2012": 5, "2013": 4, "2014": 8, "2015": 2, "2016": 1, "2017": 1, "2018": 1, "2020": 1, "2021": 2, "2023": 1, "2024": 1, "2026": 1 } } }, "Semax": { "n_unique_refs": 74, "n_duplicates_removed": 1, "by_type": { "A": 35, "X": 16, "H": 12, "R": 2, "P": 2, "V": 7 }, "lineage_label": "Moscow developers (Ashmarin/Myasoedov/Kamensky/Nezavibat'ko/Andreeva); broad adds IMG RAS and clinical partners", "concentration": { "S1_core_primary": { "k": 41, "n": 54, "pct": 75.9 }, "S2_broad_primary": { "k": 46, "n": 54, "pct": 85.2 }, "S3_network_primary": { "k": 46, "n": 54, "pct": 85.2 }, "S4_core_all_specific": { "k": 42, "n": 56, "pct": 75.0 }, "S5_core_human": { "k": 7, "n": 12, "pct": 58.3 }, "S6_broad_human": { "k": 10, "n": 12, "pct": 83.3 } }, "top_authors_primary": [ { "author": "myasoedov", "records": 25, "pct": 46.3 }, { "author": "andreeva", "records": 16, "pct": 29.6 }, { "author": "levitskaya", "records": 10, "pct": 18.5 } ], "human_refs": [ { "id": "Semax-260", "year": 2016, "first": "Aminova", "title": "Cognitive Impairments in Children with Tic Disorders and Tourette Syndrome", "pmid": null, "core": false, "broad": false }, { "id": "Semax-266", "year": 2002, "first": "Cherkasova", "title": "Neuropeptide Semax – Effective Antithrombotic Drug", "pmid": null, "core": true, "broad": true }, { "id": "Semax-278", "year": 2018, "first": "Gusev", "title": "The Efficacy of Semax in the Treatment of Patients at Different Stages of Ischemic Stroke", "pmid": "29798983", "core": false, "broad": true }, { "id": "Semax-279", "year": 2005, "first": "Gusev", "title": "Semax in Prevention of Disease Progress and Development of Exacerbations in Patients with Cerebrovascular Insufficiency", "pmid": "15792140", "core": false, "broad": true }, { "id": "Semax-280", "year": 1997, "first": "Gusev", "title": "Effectiveness of Semax in Acute Period of Hemispheric Ischemic Stroke (A Clinical and Electrophysiological Study) Zh Nev", "pmid": null, "core": true, "broad": true }, { "id": "Semax-283", "year": 2002, "first": "Ivanikov I", "title": "Therapy of Peptic Ulcer with Semax Peptide", "pmid": "12459874", "core": true, "broad": true }, { "id": "Semax-289", "year": 1996, "first": "Kaplan", "title": "Synthetic ACTH Analogue Semax Displays Nootropic-Like Activity in Humans", "pmid": null, "core": true, "broad": true }, { "id": "Semax-294", "year": 1996, "first": "Koroleva", "title": "Analgesic Action of the New Drug Semax, Bull Exp Biol Med (USSR) (Engl Transl), 122:1107- 1109.", "pmid": null, "core": true, "broad": true }, { "id": "Semax-296", "year": 2018, "first": "Lebedeva", "title": "Effects of Semax on the Default Mode Network of the Brain, Bull Exp Biol Med (USSR) (Engl Transl), 165(5):653-656.", "pmid": "30225715", "core": true, "broad": true }, { "id": "Semax-305", "year": 1999, "first": "Miasoedova", "title": "Investigation of Mechanisms of Neuroprotective Effect of Semax in Acute Period of Ischemic Stroke, Zhurnal nevrologii i ", "pmid": null, "core": false, "broad": true }, { "id": "Semax-307", "year": 2020, "first": "Panikratova", "title": "Functional Connectomic Approach to Studying Selank and Semax Effects, Dok Biol Sci: Proc Acad Sci USSR", "pmid": "32342318", "core": true, "broad": true }, { "id": "Semax-313", "year": 2018, "first": "Proskurina", "title": "Some Questions of Therapy of Vegetative Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Depression, 26th European Congress of", "pmid": null, "core": false, "broad": false } ], "pubmed": { "query": "(semax[tiab] OR semax[nm] OR \"ACTH(4-7)PGP\"[tiab] OR \"ACTH(4-7)-PGP\"[tiab] OR \"ACTH 4-7 PGP\"[tiab] OR \"Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro\"[tiab] OR MEHFPGP[tiab])", "count_query": 240, "count_relevant": 212, "core_author_records": 109, "core_author_pct": 51.4, "core_names_pubmed": [ "Ashmarin IP", "Myasoedov NF", "Kamensky AA", "Nezavibat'ko VN", "Andreeva LA" ], "fda_cited_substance_pmids": 39, "fda_cited_in_census": 36, "coverage_pct_of_census": 16.5, "by_year": { "1986": 1, "1989": 1, "1991": 2, "1992": 1, "1993": 1, "1996": 4, "1997": 3, "1998": 2, "1999": 6, "2000": 6, "2001": 10, "2002": 5, "2003": 12, "2004": 10, "2005": 8, "2006": 14, "2007": 7, "2008": 8, "2009": 7, "2010": 8, "2011": 5, "2012": 6, "2013": 11, "2014": 5, "2015": 7, "2016": 4, "2017": 9, "2018": 3, "2019": 3, "2020": 7, "2021": 9, "2022": 3, "2023": 3, "2024": 6, "2025": 7, "2026": 8 } } }, "Epitalon": { "n_unique_refs": 61, "n_duplicates_removed": 7, "by_type": { "R": 6, "P": 8, "A": 13, "V": 10, "X": 20, "H": 3, "C": 1 }, "lineage_label": "St Petersburg (Khavinson/Anisimov); broad adds Kyiv and Sukhumi collaborators", "concentration": { "S1_core_primary": { "k": 20, "n": 27, "pct": 74.1 }, "S2_broad_primary": { "k": 23, "n": 27, "pct": 85.2 }, "S3_network_primary": { "k": 24, "n": 27, "pct": 88.9 }, "S4_core_all_specific": { "k": 26, "n": 33, "pct": 78.8 }, "S5_core_human": { "k": 2, "n": 3, "pct": 66.7 }, "S6_broad_human": { "k": 3, "n": 3, "pct": 100.0 } }, "top_authors_primary": [ { "author": "khavinson", "records": 20, "pct": 74.1 }, { "author": "anisimov", "records": 7, "pct": 25.9 }, { "author": "popovich", "records": 4, "pct": 14.8 } ], "human_refs": [ { "id": "Epitalon-171", "year": 2021, "first": "Ivko", "title": "AEDG Peptide Regulation of the Expression of Human Circadian Rhythm Genes upon Accelerated Aging of the Pineal Gland", "pmid": null, "core": false, "broad": true }, { "id": "Epitalon-179", "year": 2002, "first": "Khavinson", "title": "Pineal-Regulating Tetrapeptide Epitalon Improves Eye Retina Condition in Retinitis Pigmentosa", "pmid": "12195242", "core": true, "broad": true }, { "id": "Epitalon-187", "year": 2007, "first": "Korkushko", "title": "Normalizing Effect of the Pineal Gland Peptides on the Daily Melatonin Rhythm in Old Monkeys and Elderly People", "pmid": "17969590", "core": true, "broad": true } ], "pubmed": { "query": "(\"alanyl-glutamyl-aspartyl-glycine\"[nm] OR epitalon[tiab] OR epithalon[tiab] OR epithalone[tiab] OR epitalone[tiab] OR \"Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly\"[tiab] OR AEDG[tiab] OR \"alanyl-glutamyl-aspartyl-glycine\"[tiab])", "count_query": 174, "count_relevant": 167, "core_author_records": 107, "core_author_pct": 64.1, "core_names_pubmed": [ "Khavinson VK", "Anisimov VN", "Morozov VG", "Dilman VM" ], "fda_cited_substance_pmids": 33, "fda_cited_in_census": 24, "coverage_pct_of_census": 14.4, "by_year": { "1987": 1, "1993": 1, "2000": 6, "2001": 13, "2002": 19, "2003": 14, "2004": 11, "2005": 5, "2006": 10, "2007": 9, "2008": 10, "2009": 1, "2010": 2, "2011": 6, "2012": 4, "2013": 7, "2014": 3, "2015": 7, "2016": 3, "2017": 3, "2018": 1, "2019": 2, "2020": 8, "2021": 3, "2022": 3, "2023": 2, "2024": 3, "2025": 6, "2026": 4 } } } }, "double_coding": { "n_sample": 52, "raw": { "n": 52, "percent_agreement": 78.8, "cohen_kappa": 0.72 }, "excluding_U": { "n": 50, "percent_agreement": 82.0, "cohen_kappa": 0.76 }, "n_coder2_U": 2, "collapsed_3_classes": { "n": 50, "percent_agreement": 92.0, "cohen_kappa": 0.86 }, "disagreements": [ { "id": "KPV-235", "coder1": "P", "coder2": "X" }, { "id": "Epitalon-187", "coder1": "H", "coder2": "U" }, { "id": "Semax-327", "coder1": "X", "coder2": "R" }, { "id": "Semax-305", "coder1": "H", "coder2": "A" }, { "id": "TB-500-333", "coder1": "X", "coder2": "C" }, { "id": "Semax-260", "coder1": "H", "coder2": "X" }, { "id": "Epitalon-167", "coder1": "A", "coder2": "U" }, { "id": "MOTS-c-245", "coder1": "R", "coder2": "A" }, { "id": "Emideltide-069", "coder1": "P", "coder2": "X" }, { "id": "TB-500-344", "coder1": "A", "coder2": "C" }, { "id": "Emideltide-118", "coder1": "A", "coder2": "V" } ] }, "pubmed_queries": { "BPC-157": { "query": "(\"BPC 157\"[tiab] OR \"BPC-157\"[tiab] OR BPC157[tiab] OR bepecin[tiab] OR \"PL 14736\"[tiab] OR \"PL-14736\"[tiab] OR PL14736[tiab] OR \"pentadecapeptide BPC\"[tiab] OR \"body protection compound\"[tiab] OR \"body protective compound\"[tiab])", "count": 234, "relevance_regex": "\\bBPC[\\s-]?157\\b|\\bBPC157\\b|bepecin|PL[\\s-]?14736|pentadecapeptide|body protect(ion|ive) compound", "relevant": 232, "relevant_pmids": [ "42885452", "42876687", "42794771", "42757290", "42667535", "42635865", "42578445", "42555375", "42542926", "42533460", "42385164", "42356491", "42328738", "42278509", "42222211", "42204242", "42198317", "42160466", "42123221", "42021992", "41966639", "41901308", "41898733", "41832718", "41754849", "41754776", "41606641", "41599787", "41599743", "41490200", "41476424", "41471311", "41155566", "41155565", "40789979", "40759852", "40756949", "40573323", "40573261", "40131143", "40005999", "40005408", "39909207", "39865815", "39861766", "39776466", "39325560", "39265666", "39204186", "38980576", "38675421", "38139825", "38004420", "37959764", "37895979", "37545637", "37513963", "37513889", "37375736", "37242459", "38583442", "36588717", "36551977", "36551886", "36359218", "36228773", "36200148", "35884767", "35740321", "35678659", "35485358", "35449779", "35203478", "35126157", "35125818", "35052769", "34966273", "34829776", "34829735", "34798584", "34680419", "34572392", "34571768", "34440233", "34380875", "34356886", "34356860", "34324435", "34267654", "34203464", "34177567", "34177048", "34073625", "33376304", "33251034", "33051481", "32956773", "32566305", "32558293", "32547687", "32445447", "32334036", "32329684", "32226643", "31976029", "31401154", "31266512", "31158953", "30915550", "30690000", "30622376", "30598581", "30279308", "30191288", "30116973", "29998800", "29898649", "29879879", "29682749", "29510201", "29358856", "28839430", "28797793", "28641541", "28614776", "28516373", "28255738", "28228068", "28210905", "28035768", "27895400", "27847966", "27815173", "27627764", "27138887", "27060013", "26875638", "26872976", "26698393", "26563892", "26348082", "25995620", "25912999", "25897838", "25415472", "24486708", "24304574", "23782145", "23755725", "23478678", "23327997", "23220707", "22950504", "22300085", "22204800", "21840572", "21645505", "21548867", "21295044", "21030672", "20436226", "20388964", "20388962", "20388960", "20388954", "20388953", "20225319", "20190676", "20166993", "19931318", "19903499", "19465062", "19093208", "18818478", "18668315", "18649140", "18594781", "17713731", "17657443", "17628536", "17452811", "17186181", "17116974", "16785777", "16609979", "16583442", "16369461", "16117343", "15840402", "15774286", "15531385", "15381050", "15153646", "15052688", "14554208", "14512101", "12781609", "11978191", "11742568", "11718984", "11595456", "11595454", "11595453", "11595452", "11595451", "11595448", "11292068", "10791690", "10791689", "10707891", "10672997", "10672996", "10672992", "10672991", "10499368", "10071911", "9920181", "9547930", "9298922", "9403790", "9403788", "9403784", "9149058", "9073154", "9353174", "9065615", "8769287", "8689934", "7904712", "8298609", "7901724", "1345210" ] }, "KPV": { "query": "(KPV[tiab] OR \"Lys-Pro-Val\"[tiab] OR \"lysyl-prolyl-valine\"[tiab] OR \"alpha-MSH(11-13)\"[tiab] OR \"alpha-MSH 11-13\"[tiab] OR \"MSH(11-13)\"[tiab] OR \"alpha-MSH-(11-13)\"[tiab])", "count": 150, "relevance_regex": "Lys-Pro-Val|lysyl-prolyl-valine|MSH\\s*\\(?11-13|\\bKPV\\b.{0,200}(peptide|MSH|melanocort|tripeptide)|(peptide|MSH|melanocort|tripeptide).{0,200}\\bKPV\\b", "relevant": 123, "relevant_pmids": [ "42854645", "42585803", "42064835", "41880199", "41533788", "41241376", "41209547", "40073467", "40030207", "39252648", "38289234", "37860176", "36240893", "35972627", "35245681", "34846053", "34662120", "34547895", "33195893", "32004526", "31408067", "30661264", "29953505", "28349696", "28343991", "28143741", "27458604", "25298219", "23940690", "23457491", "23141346", "22837805", "22178636", "21940174", "21282427", "21222263", "19909746", "18612139", "18355945", "18346897", "18092346", "18061177", "17934097", "17376561", "17313459", "17040213", "16965771", "16413580", "16274845", "15946192", "15127941", "15102092", "12895656", "12855000", "12851308", "12750433", "12593664", "12063121", "12052369", "11990926", "11833422", "11480545", "11405661", "11268348", "11268347", "11239505", "11073109", "10821844", "10670585", "9799099", "9730684", "9700761", "9629264", "9620667", "9428733", "9276019", "9171884", "9177840", "9357059", "9017363", "8558511", "8899819", "9223008", "8868139", "7646430", "8744698", "7479291", "7961978", "8063713", "8158274", "7489322", "8127402", "8387184", "8397057", "1331655", "1325196", "1327383", "1788140", "1652532", "1846217", "2284205", "2296031", "2555512", "2557603", "2562482", "2552247", "2537778", "2535874", "2854626", "2822931", "3566964", "3948298", "3926756", "6526885", "6332195", "6333677", "6628384", "7138848", "6281785", "229237", "208701", "192338", "212233" ] }, "TB-500": { "query": "(\"TB-500\"[tiab] OR TB500[tiab] OR \"TB 500\"[tiab] OR LKKTETQ[tiab] OR \"Ac-LKKTETQ\"[tiab] OR \"Ac-Leu-Lys-Lys-Thr-Glu-Thr-Gln\"[tiab])", "count": 39, "relevance_regex": "\\bTB500\\b|\\bTB[\\s-]?500\\b.{0,300}(thymosin|peptide|doping|LKKTETQ)|(thymosin|peptide|doping).{0,300}\\bTB[\\s-]?500\\b|LKKTETQ", "relevant": 30, "relevant_pmids": [ "42876687", "42757290", "42635865", "42578445", "42542926", "42328738", "42021992", "41966639", "41490200", "41476424", "41443105", "41359360", "38382158", "36482504", "35802965", "30063851", "28887173", "27569051", "26578461", "26472487", "25469748", "25382550", "24906629", "23318763", "23084823", "22962027", "20179146", "17567947", "17001601", "12581423" ] }, "MOTS-c": { "query": "(\"MOTS-c\"[tiab] OR MOTSc[tiab] OR \"MOTS c\"[tiab] OR \"mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA\"[tiab] OR \"mitochondrial open-reading-frame of the twelve S rRNA\"[tiab])", "count": 266, "relevance_regex": "MOTS[\\s-]?c\\b|MOTSc|12S rRNA", "relevant": 257, "relevant_pmids": [ "42918312", "42895211", "42882431", "42880137", "42767971", "42734848", "42716952", "42650220", "42640735", "42633878", "42633281", "42611943", "42592019", "42576277", "42349896", "42324588", "42321010", "42278864", "42266945", "42243958", "42228044", "42193373", "42166398", "42153537", "42142418", "42128272", "42126770", "42072458", "41966639", "41945630", "41937181", "41933740", "41811086", "41803858", "41802484", "41764620", "41732124", "41710402", "41706383", "41680431", "41654147", "41593376", "41587709", "41569667", "41551324", "41543486", "41520850", "41479490", "41468641", "41468174", "41368821", "41303353", "41083123", "41068236", "41043625", "41004666", "40872612", "40855115", "40805020", "40768089", "40753494", "40715951", "40694987", "40674654", "40661667", "40608240", "40574402", "40538389", "40538382", "40510834", "40496439", "40478460", "40472776", "40443515", "40425777", "40403491", "40353474", "40246631", "40172798", "40104672", "40072017", "40035775", "40008510", "40005438", "39961901", "39876762", "39827923", "39711006", "39710567", "39706498", "39704971", "39616938", "39581216", "39559755", "39553971", "39457696", "39321430", "39282091", "39267782", "39259217", "39201408", "39182552", "39160573", "39111290", "39079574", "39050800", "38790718", "38716540", "38707193", "38704871", "38658141", "38636847", "38527401", "38462167", "38430258", "38389837", "38314601", "38206815", "38170165", "38160808", "38141139", "38112134", "38008175", "37957221", "37899006", "37834399", "37788894", "37750635", "37644144", "37633181", "37437978", "37380822", "37307934", "37290680", "37285113", "37230367", "37200834", "37077579", "37072092", "37067760", "37008907", "36844198", "36833212", "36830076", "36824008", "36799414", "36786072", "36761202", "36687680", "36677050", "36670507", "36629605", "39469962", "36584915", "36528071", "36490309", "36303331", "36233287", "36156853", "36066139", "35989823", "35842023", "35834544", "35808870", "35789022", "35770405", "35683389", "35656563", "39077591", "35499074", "35370955", "35285072", "35185787", "35046903", "35027919", "34972639", "34914298", "34896254", "34859377", "34798268", "34728329", "34681131", "34635713", "34534645", "34525370", "34520826", "34471251", "34445477", "34419510", "34413391", "34351816", "34320351", "34253808", "34067710", "33861582", "33829422", "33763338", "33722744", "33639272", "33554779", "33535098", "33473109", "33468709", "33454965", "33394327", "33337582", "32910336", "32880686", "32776825", "32768357", "32680738", "32387288", "32326760", "32279209", "32182209", "32052315", "31931370", "31926126", "31858528", "31694019", "31432706", "31378979", "31369811", "31293078", "31214116", "31185388", "31131430", "31131297", "31109005", "31088495", "31081069", "31066084", "30967270", "30788534", "30725119", "30672456", "30468456", "30394592", "30184481", "30104535", "30058454", "30041797", "29983246", "29886458", "29691953", "29593067", "29242099", "29096170", "28994791", "28574175", "27237975", "27216708", "26842585", "26289118", "25738459", "25738453", "24463180" ] }, "Emideltide": { "query": "(\"Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide\"[Mesh] OR \"delta sleep-inducing peptide\"[tiab] OR \"delta sleep inducing peptide\"[tiab] OR DSIP[tiab] OR emideltide[tiab] OR deltaran[tiab])", "count": 541, "relevance_regex": "delta[\\s-]sleep[\\s-]inducing|emideltide|deltaran|\\bDSIP\\b.{0,300}(peptide|sleep|nonapeptide)|(peptide|sleep|nonapeptide).{0,300}\\bDSIP\\b", "relevant": 449, "relevant_pmids": [ "41490200", "39444618", "37884638", "34500605", "33918965", "32456912", "30107169", "28462721", "26902351", "26470489", "29124188", "25257425", "25063142", "25051765", "24809178", "24450167", "24432565", "24397026", "25898718", "25826998", "25826997", "25739189", "23650723", "23113238", "22866315", "22708458", "22132761", "22094385", "21809625", "21262293", "20572393", "19849801", "19526126", "19142086", "19140465", "20405733", "19102071", "18975104", "18951867", "18560040", "18546823", "18427460", "18306704", "18265587", "17957464", "17369935", "17346943", "17191662", "17181053", "17152373", "17152359", "17073141", "16758612", "16645330", "16637289", "16539679", "16119084", "15938222", "15911358", "15754961", "15559508", "15368909", "15364118", "15359701", "15330290", "15188760", "14983690", "14751449", "14714079", "14636000", "12949681", "12949667", "12949638", "12949637", "12891772", "12881986", "12782416", "12705123", "12700031", "12669586", "12668217", "12635477", "12511984", "12459854", "12428281", "12154567", "12141915", "12109293", "11884222", "11797457", "11766904", "11763019", "11525128", "11471521", "11437870", "11421812", "22432135", "11321250", "11265821", "11236582", "11214497", "11182819", "11014419", "10955299", "10709190", "10643602", "10560055", "10511986", "10495890", "10485584", "10395980", "10088149", "9876605", "9850965", "9809291", "9805623", "9777215", "9777210", "9762721", "9742597", "9617990", "9612853", "9606527", "9574859", "9541954", "9514644", "9487065", "9405745", "9456470", "9448709", "9388238", "9406227", "9487048", "9137140", "12436688", "9463038", "8985788", "9121635", "9162398", "8823733", "8728103", "8688518", "8983406", "8829679", "8704643", "8597403", "8689946", "8748972", "8581045", "8560945", "8553617", "8547442", "7628639", "7663167", "7763273", "7645337", "7779981", "7620123", "7735032", "7670034", "7581535", "8745061", "8532601", "7777652", "7610003", "7536483", "7895296", "7700506", "8068901", "8175965", "8022523", "8718636", "8023575", "7817664", "8180798", "8312250", "11630267", "8193332", "8015981", "8008641", "7698722", "8117335", "8237103", "8375381", "8232867", "8401787", "8474631", "8471976", "7686317", "8330074", "8484813", "8475226", "8316953", "1475566", "1476667", "1448465", "1290809", "1462368", "1336284", "1455954", "1437707", "1382246", "1286686", "1378770", "1334876", "1579657", "1372631", "1339175", "1307916", "21554575", "1611076", "1608510", "1356354", "1337953", "1336202", "1318772", "1315935", "1299794", "1285360", "1666953", "1815223", "1369574", "1861139", "1800953", "1800948", "1923924", "1718095", "2046867", "1709331", "1862536", "1662141", "1827964", "1648670", "2046856", "1818276", "1814802", "1675171", "1674176", "1667974", "1962750", "1726601", "2278004", "2270622", "2268724", "2268715", "2268701", "2222894", "2364941", "2140948", "2378944", "2194498", "19210372", "2322270", "2361467", "2193795", "1696329", "2322843", "2337637", "2159352", "1975266", "2576448", "2558325", "2793237", "2557102", "2532045", "2804316", "2562040", "2770737", "2767269", "2720161", "2755725", "2728110", "2547200", "2706459", "2713670", "2657475", "2522323", "2522052", "2677829", "2664725", "2554357", "2496423", "3056405", "2853064", "3209378", "3167173", "3167172", "3185958", "2842706", "2839244", "3420012", "3370272", "3368469", "3379896", "3366553", "3286557", "3367267", "3135926", "2899023", "3431755", "3679693", "3676495", "3121137", "2448424", "3657697", "3628078", "3620643", "3620931", "3582201", "3622838", "2886936", "3496316", "3033539", "3029331", "3550343", "3627403", "2440061", "3671519", "3622582", "3583493", "3577422", "3575154", "3792449", "3562314", "3550726", "3774211", "3788358", "3777433", "3019446", "3768731", "3758416", "3017833", "3776352", "3755534", "3755407", "3730559", "2874149", "3534808", "3754970", "3754216", "3792404", "3758119", "3754348", "3753928", "3567952", "3506231", "3010391", "3005060", "3841214", "3841224", "2421663", "2995861", "3839701", "3840239", "2412900", "4022265", "3838950", "3838100", "3927370", "3909780", "3840534", "2859636", "6398116", "6151671", "6548540", "6549349", "6549071", "6151196", "6549054", "6592612", "6548030", "6549074", "6548808", "6593603", "6548818", "6547144", "6379493", "6547363", "6548024", "6547392", "6371579", "6548970", "6548969", "6548968", "6548967", "6548966", "6548965", "6391926", "6391925", "6198141", "6145137", "6689211", "6139573", "6688964", "6688848", "6688864", "6688882", "6625180", "6689203", "6304442", "6857232", "6689058", "6687936", "6687460", "6371576", "6328354", "6300725", "6189657", "6132770", "6897680", "6897693", "6897451", "6897447", "6897366", "6128743", "6897115", "6896947", "6896465", "6132892", "6896159", "6895711", "6895670", "6895669", "6895555", "6895513", "6112579", "7267401", "7028502", "6273764", "6894196", "6111085", "6893782", "7378787", "6157271", "7405185", "6154298", "6110198", "583452", "530466", "318193", "568769", "19605190", "25463", "590449", "606344", "19605021", "862769", "265572", "891716" ] }, "Epitalon": { "query": "(\"alanyl-glutamyl-aspartyl-glycine\"[nm] OR epitalon[tiab] OR epithalon[tiab] OR epithalone[tiab] OR epitalone[tiab] OR \"Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly\"[tiab] OR AEDG[tiab] OR \"alanyl-glutamyl-aspartyl-glycine\"[tiab])", "count": 174, "relevance_regex": "epit(h)?alon|Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly|\\bAEDG\\b|alanyl-glutamyl-aspartyl-glycine", "relevant": 167, "relevant_pmids": [ "42884164", "42209466", "42021992", "41490200", "41240216", "41020860", "40908429", "40493162", "40141333", "39788414", "39742404", "39518916", "38430634", "37042594", "36979488", "35890947", "35413689", "35408963", "34998008", "34502859", "33993656", "33526740", "33342107", "33280326", "32987757", "32362083", "32019204", "31808038", "31761987", "31677028", "30791821", "30607912", "29124531", "28371610", "28252435", "27589750", "27259496", "27183783", "26742748", "26593924", "26519279", "26515176", "25841380", "25730989", "28509452", "25535022", "24423684", "25946846", "25826983", "24323970", "23667897", "23658898", "23581987", "23484211", "23289226", "28976150", "23237594", "22816096", "22803060", "22803057", "22567846", "22268052", "22117547", "21809626", "21809618", "20731122", "21510076", "19526107", "20405731", "19110597", "19024016", "18856211", "18830022", "18546826", "18546825", "18383712", "18309632", "18264770", "18239817", "19432172", "19432171", "19432169", "17969590", "17969589", "17955380", "17461018", "17426849", "17317455", "17217245", "17209456", "17152724", "17152723", "17152370", "17152351", "17002046", "16705247", "16634527", "16224591", "16224563", "15990728", "15926314", "15909815", "15723138", "15664732", "15559508", "15514731", "15501020", "15490730", "15490729", "15455131", "15455129", "15455093", "15159690", "15085253", "14743609", "14743608", "14666197", "14647006", "14571286", "14501183", "12964022", "12942748", "12937684", "12937682", "12910293", "12881997", "12809170", "12791421", "12660839", "12500171", "12500162", "12459848", "12447482", "12428286", "12420072", "12420071", "12374906", "12360356", "12360355", "12360351", "12209581", "12195242", "12170316", "12101568", "12096446", "12096440", "12049808", "11865335", "11785104", "11713572", "11710291", "11687853", "11550036", "11524632", "11452647", "11427924", "11329090", "11276315", "11276313", "11227856", "11182832", "11163623", "11103316", "11087911", "10977918", "8360154", "3115887" ] }, "Semax": { "query": "(semax[tiab] OR semax[nm] OR \"ACTH(4-7)PGP\"[tiab] OR \"ACTH(4-7)-PGP\"[tiab] OR \"ACTH 4-7 PGP\"[tiab] OR \"Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro\"[tiab] OR MEHFPGP[tiab])", "count": 240, "relevance_regex": "semax|ACTH\\s*\\(?4-7\\)?\\s*-?PGP|Met-Glu-His-Phe-Pro-Gly-Pro|MEHFPGP", "relevant": 212, "relevant_pmids": [ "42910684", "42885627", "42559144", "42366656", "42195624", "42074872", "42021992", "41490200", "41479572", "41179234", "41171324", "41004910", "40692165", "40650034", "40496623", "39767736", "39604801", "39442746", "39418522", "39166935", "38944767", "38534749", "37510287", "36828803", "36553646", "36083821", "35080861", "34707903", "34576218", "34418946", "34201112", "34097675", "33806692", "33459919", "33418449", "33263853", "32737723", "32621722", "32580520", "32342318", "32246363", "32152848", "31760919", "31667971", "31325343", "31028579", "30225715", "29798983", "29577196", "29234579", "29063333", "28948544", "28702721", "28577097", "28514338", "28505067", "28255762", "27921334", "27591879", "27586814", "27411820", "30383932", "26591577", "26552305", "26012109", "25850296", "25826866", "25772990", "25735182", "27051926", "25464761", "25310602", "25102733", "24877185", "24661604", "24437205", "24397030", "24385169", "23888777", "23821053", "23821048", "23652441", "23479006", "23401956", "24738258", "23113251", "23072114", "23025044", "22803132", "22772900", "22708068", "22295573", "22096989", "21953224", "21476267", "21268834", "21113455", "21033401", "20799647", "20617398", "20486550", "20387390", "20170058", "20095391", "19779827", "19704948", "19662538", "19633950", "19441725", "19341092", "19334516", "19145359", "19140465", "19024553", "18825944", "18756821", "18488900", "18431004", "18379501", "18274453", "18239779", "18204410", "18018999", "17850024", "17603664", "17385423", "17353092", "17278839", "16996699", "16996037", "16984088", "16967870", "16808168", "16773243", "16739472", "16637290", "16635254", "16634438", "16634437", "16523722", "16362768", "16212268", "16082427", "16027870", "15895862", "15837162", "15835535", "15792140", "15678666", "15658043", "15559625", "15503962", "15455076", "15354819", "15344653", "15341218", "15188751", "15088389", "14968154", "14714073", "14682258", "14653248", "14636000", "14631488", "14556513", "12937663", "12924240", "12918351", "12875006", "12802399", "12712960", "12587264", "12459874", "12447470", "12154567", "12124658", "11871233", "11687836", "11569188", "11548604", "11548444", "11457573", "11443939", "11391386", "11245825", "11202510", "11188738", "11188735", "11177268", "11103338", "10944712", "10763109", "10741256", "10640229", "10498989", "10358912", "10199046", "9606550", "9606516", "9303728", "9173745", "11517472", "8998343", "8974577", "8924838", "8679991", "8392718", "1335426", "1652713", "1851003", "2548895", "3022845" ] } }, "reference_census": [ { "id": "BPC-157-001", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Balenovic, D, ML Bencic, M Udovicic, K Simonji, JS Hanzevacki, I Barisic, S Kranjcevic, I Prkacin, V Coric, L Brcic, M Coric, I Brcic, S Borovic, B Radic, D Drmic, H Vrcic, S Seiwerth and P Sikiric, 2009, Inhibition of Methyldigoxin-Induced Arrhythmias by Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: A Relation with No-System, Regul Pept, 156(1-3):83-89.", "year": 2009, "pmid": "19465062", "doi": "10.1016/j.regpep.2009.05.008", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-002", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Baric, M, AZ Sever, LB Vuletic, Z Rasic, M Sever, D Drmic, T Pavelic-Turudic, M Sucic, H Vrcic, S Seiwerth and P Sikiric, 2016, Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Heals Rectovaginal Fistula in Rats, Life Sci, 148:63-70.", "year": 2016, "pmid": "26872976", "doi": "10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.029", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, 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"BPC-157-005", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Bodis, B, O Karadi, P Nemeth, C Dohoczky, M Kolega and G Mozsik, 1997, Evidence for Direct Cellular Protective Effect of PL-10 Substances (Synthesized Parts of Body Protection Compound, BPC) and Their Specificity to Gastric Mucosal Cells, Life Sci, 61(16):Pl243-Pl248.", "year": 1997, "pmid": "9353174", "doi": "10.1016/s0024-3205(97)00744-3", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-006", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Brcic, L, I Brcic, M Staresinic, T Novinscak, P Sikiric and S Seiwerth, 2009, Modulatory Effect of Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on Angiogenesis in Muscle and Tendon Healing, J Physiol Pharmacol, 60 Suppl 7:191-196.", "year": 2009, "pmid": null, "doi": null, "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-007", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Cerovecki, T, I Bojanic, L Brcic, B Radic, I Vukoja, S Seiwerth and P Sikiric, 2010, Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (PL 14736) Improves Ligament Healing in the Rat, J Orthop Res, 28(9):1155-1161.", "year": 2010, "pmid": "20225319", "doi": "10.1002/jor.21107", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-008", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Chang, CH, WC Tsai, YH Hsu and JH Pang, 2014, Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Enhances the Growth Hormone Receptor Expression in Tendon Fibroblasts, Molecules, 19(11):19066-19077.", "year": 2014, "pmid": "25415472", "doi": "10.3390/molecules191119066", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-009", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Chang, CH, WC Tsai, MS Lin, YH Hsu and JH Pang, 2011, The Promoting Effect of Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on Tendon Healing Involves Tendon Outgrowth, Cell Survival, and Cell Migration, J Appl Physiol, 110(3):774-780.", "year": 2011, "pmid": "21030672", "doi": "10.1152/japplphysiol.00945.2010", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-010", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Cohen, RD and SR Dalal, 2015, Systematic Review: Rectal Therapies for the Treatment of Distal Forms of Ulcerative Colitis, Inflamm Bowel Dis, 21(7):1719-1736.", "year": 2015, "pmid": "26020604", "doi": "10.1097/MIB.0000000000000379", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-011", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Cox, HD, GD Miller and D Eichner, 2017, Detection and in Vitro Metabolism of the Confiscated Peptides BPC 157 and MGF R23H, Drug Test Anal, 9(10):1490-1498.", "year": 2017, "pmid": "28035768", "doi": "10.1002/dta.2152", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "C", "coder2_evidence_type": "C", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-012", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Crvenkovic, D, M Sever, AZ Sever, D Drmic, I Petrovic, Z Romic, S Seiwerth and P Sikiric, 2015, Tu2028 Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 after 70% Liver Resection in Rats, Gastroenterology, 148(4):S-964.", "year": 2015, "pmid": null, "doi": "10.1016/s0016-5085(15)33294-7", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-013", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Duzel, A, J Vlainic, M Antunovic, D Malekinusic, B Vrdoljak, M Samara, S Gojkovic, I Krezic, T Vidovic, Z Bilic, M Knezevic, M Sever, N Lojo, A Kokot, M Kolovrat, D Drmic, J Vukojevic, T Kralj, K Kasnik, M Siroglavic, S Seiwerth and P Sikiric, 2017, Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in the Treatment of Colitis and Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats: New Insights, World J Gastroenterol, 23(48):8465-8488.", "year": 2017, "pmid": "29358856", "doi": "10.3748/wjg.v23.i48.8465", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-014", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Feuerstein, JD, KL Isaacs, Y Schneider, SM Siddique, Y Falck-Ytter, S Singh and AGAICG Committee, 2020, AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Moderate to Severe Ulcerative Colitis, Gastroenterology, 158(5):1450-1461.", "year": 2020, "pmid": "31945371", "doi": "10.1053/j.gastro.2020.01.006", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-015", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Frederix, PW, RV Ulijn, NT Hunt and T Tuttle, 2011, Virtual Screening for Dipeptide Aggregation: Toward Predictive Tools for Peptide Self-Assembly, J Phys Chem Lett, 2(19):2380-2384.", "year": 2011, "pmid": "23795243", "doi": "10.1021/jz2010573", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-016", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Gaginella, TS, 1994, Clinical Relevance of Basic Research in Peptic Ulcer Disease, J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 9 Suppl 1:S99-103.", "year": 1994, "pmid": "7881029", "doi": "10.1111/j.1440-1746.1994.tb01311.x", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-017", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Gjurasin, M, P Miklic, B Zupancic, D Perovic, K Zarkovic, L Brcic, D Kolenc, B Radic, S Seiwerth and P Sikiric, 2010, Peptide Therapy with Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in Traumatic Nerve Injury, Regul Pept, 160(1-3):33-41.", "year": 2010, "pmid": "19903499", "doi": "10.1016/j.regpep.2009.11.005", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": "A", "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-018", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Gwyer, D, NM Wragg and SL Wilson, 2019, Gastric Pentadecapeptide Body Protection Compound BPC 157 and Its Role in Accelerating Musculoskeletal Soft Tissue Healing, Cell Tissue Res, 377(2):153-159.", "year": 2019, "pmid": "30915550", "doi": "10.1007/s00441-019-03016-8", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "R", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-019", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "He, L, D Feng, H Guo, Y Zhou, Z Li, K Zhang, W Zhang, S Wang, Z Wang and Q Hao, 2022, Pharmacokinetics, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of Body-Protective Compound 157, a Potential Drug for Treating Various Wounds, in Rats and Dogs, Front Pharmacol, 13:1026182.", "year": 2022, "pmid": "36588717", "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2022.1026182", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-020", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Hsieh, M-J, H-T Liu, C-N Wang, H-Y Huang, Y Lin, Y-S Ko, J-S Wang, VH-S Chang and J-HS Pang, 2017, Therapeutic Potential of Pro-Angiogenic BPC157 Is Associated with VEGFR2 Activation and Up-Regulation, J Mol Med, 95(3):323-333.", "year": 2017, "pmid": "27847966", "doi": "10.1007/s00109-016-1488-y", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-021", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Huang, T, K Zhang, L Sun, X Xue, C Zhang, Z Shu, N Mu, J Gu, W Zhang, Y Wang, Y Zhang and W Zhang, 2015, Body Protective Compound-157 Enhances Alkali-Burn Wound Healing in Vivo and Promotes Proliferation, Migration, and Angiogenesis in Vitro, Drug Des Devel Ther, 9:2485-2499.", "year": 2015, "pmid": "25995620", "doi": "10.2147/dddt.s82030", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": "A", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-022", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Ilic, S, D Drmic, S Franjic, D Kolenc, M Coric, L Brcic, R Klicek, B Radic, M Sever, V Djuzel, M Filipovic, Z Djakovic, V Stambolija, AB Blagaic, I Zoricic, M Gjurasin, M Stupnisek, Z Romic, K Zarkovic, S Dzidic, S Seiwerth and P Sikiric, 2011, Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Its Effects on a NSAID Toxicity Model: Diclofenac-Induced Gastrointestinal, Liver, and Encephalopathy Lesions, Life Sci, 88(11-12):535-542.", "year": 2011, "pmid": "21295044", "doi": "10.1016/j.lfs.2011.01.015", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", 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by Amphetamine and the Development of Haloperidol- Induced Supersensitivity to Amphetamine, Biol Psychiatry, 43(7):511-519.", "year": 1998, "pmid": "9547930", "doi": "10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00277-1", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-025", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Kayal, M and S Shah, 2020, Ulcerative Colitis: Current and Emerging Treatment Strategies, J Clin Med, 9(1):94.", "year": 2020, "pmid": "31905945", "doi": "10.3390/jcm9010094", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-026", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Klicek, R, M Sever, B Radic, D Drmic, I Kocman, I Zoricic, T Vuksic, M Ivica, I Barisic, S Ilic, L Berkopic, H Vrcic, L Brcic, AB Blagaic, M Coric, I Brcic, DS Rokotov, T Anic, S Seiwerth and P Sikiric, 2008, Pentadecapeptide BPC157, in Clinical Trials as a Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Pl14736), Is Effective in the Healing of Colocutaneous Fistulas in Rats: Role of the Nitric Oxide-System, J Pharmacol Sci, 108(1):7-17.", "year": 2008, "pmid": "18818478", "doi": "10.1254/jphs.fp0072161", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "R", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-027", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Ko, CW, S Singh, JD Feuerstein, C Falck-Ytter, Y Falck-Ytter, RK Cross and C American Gastroenterological Association Institute Clinical Guidelines, 2019, AGA Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Mild-to-Moderate Ulcerative Colitis, Gastroenterology, 156(3):748-764.", "year": 2019, "pmid": "30576644", "doi": "10.1053/j.gastro.2018.12.009", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": "X", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-028", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Le Berre, C, S Honap and L Peyrin-Biroulet, 2023, Ulcerative Colitis, Lancet, 402(10401):571- 584.", "year": 2023, "pmid": null, "doi": null, "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-029", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Lee, E and K Burgess, 2025, Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study, Altern Ther Health Med, 31(5):20-24.", "year": 2025, "pmid": "40131143", "doi": null, "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "H", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-030", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Lee, E and B Padgett, 2021, Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain, Altern Ther Health Med, 27(4):8-13.", "year": 2021, "pmid": "34324435", "doi": null, "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "H", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-031", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Lee, E, C Walker and B Ayadi, 2024, Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study, Altern Ther Health Med, 30(10):12-17.", "year": 2024, "pmid": "39325560", "doi": null, "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "H", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-032", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Loew, BJ and CA Siegel, 2012, Foam Preparations for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis, Curr Drug Deliv, 9(4):338-344.", "year": 2012, "pmid": "21235478", "doi": "10.2174/156720112801323062", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": "X", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-033", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Masnec, S, A Kokot, M Zlatar, M Kalauz, K Kunjko, B Radic, R Klicek, D Drmic, R Lazic, L Brcic, R Radic, R Ivekovic, S Seiwerth and P Sikiric, 2015, Perforating Corneal Injury in Rat and Pentadecapeptide BPC 157, Exp Eye Res, 136:9-15.", "year": 2015, "pmid": "25912999", "doi": "10.1016/j.exer.2015.04.016", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-034", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Mikus, D, P Sikiric, S Seiwerth, A Petricevic, G Aralica, N Druzijancic, R Rucman, M Petek, B Pigac, D Perovic, M Kolombo, N Kokic, S Mikus, B Duplancic, I Fattorini, B Turkovic, I Rotkvic, S Mise, I Prkacin, P Konjevoda, N Stambuk and T Anic, 2001, Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Cream Improves Burn-Wound Healing and Attenuates Burn-Gastric Lesions in Mice, Burns, 27(8):817-827.", "year": 2001, "pmid": "11718984", "doi": "10.1016/s0305-4179(01)00055-9", "duplicate_of": null, 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2008, "pmid": null, "doi": null, "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-037", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Ratanji, KD, JP Derrick, RJ Dearman and I Kimber, 2014, Immunogenicity of Therapeutic Proteins: Influence of Aggregation, J Immunotoxicol, 11(2):99-109.", "year": 2014, "pmid": "23919460", "doi": "10.3109/1547691x.2013.821564", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": "X", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-038", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Rubin, DT, AN Ananthakrishnan, CA Siegel, EL Barnes, and MD Long, 2025, Acg Clinical Guideline Update: Ulcerative Colitis in Adults, Am J Gastroenterol, 120(6):1187-1224.", "year": 2025, "pmid": "40701556", "doi": "10.14309/ajg.0000000000003463", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, 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"note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-041", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Sebecić, B, V Nikolić, P Sikirić, S Seiwerth, T Sosa, L Patrlj, Z Grabarević, R Rucman, M Petek, P Konjevoda, S Jadrijević, D Perović and M Slaj, 1999, Osteogenic Effect of a Gastric Pentadecapeptide, BPC-157, on the Healing of Segmental Bone Defect in Rabbits: A Comparison with Bone Marrow and Autologous Cortical Bone Implantation, Bone, 24(3):195- 202.", "year": 1999, "pmid": "10071911", "doi": "10.1016/s8756-3282(98)00180-x", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-042", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Seiwerth, S, M Milavic, J Vukojevic, S Gojkovic, I Krezic, LB Vuletic, KH Pavlov, A Petrovic, S Sikiric and H Vranes, 2021, Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing, Front Pharmacol, 12:627533.", "year": 2021, "pmid": "34267654", "doi": "10.3389/fphar.2021.627533", 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"evidence_type": "R", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-045", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Sikirić, P, M Petek, R Ručman, S Seiwerth, Z Grabarević, I Rotkvić, B Turković, V Jagić, B Mildner and M Duvnjak, 1993a, A New Gastric Juice Peptide, BPC. 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"BPC-157", "reference": "Singh, S, EV Loftus, Jr., BN Limketkai, JP Haydek, M Agrawal, FI Scott, AN Ananthakrishnan, and AGACGCEa clinicalpractice@gastro.org, 2024, Aga Living Clinical Practice Guideline on Pharmacological Management of Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis, Gastroenterology, 167(7):1307-1343.", "year": 2024, "pmid": "39572132", "doi": "10.1053/j.gastro.2024.10.001", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": "X", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-053", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Staresinic, M, B Sebecic, L Patrlj, S Jadrijevic, S Suknaic, D Perovic, G Aralica, N Zarkovic, S Borovic and M Srdjak, 2003, Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Accelerates Healing of Transected Rat Achilles Tendon and in Vitro Stimulates Tendocytes Growth, J Orthop Res, 21(6):976-983.", "year": 2003, "pmid": "14554208", "doi": "10.1016/s0736-0266(03)00110-4", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-054", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Tian, T, J Jing, Y Li, Y Wang, X Deng and Y Shan, 2023, Stable Isotope Labeling-Based Nontargeted Strategy for Characterization of the in Vitro Metabolic Profile of a Novel Doping BPC-157 in Doping Control by UHPLC-HRMS, Molecules, 28(21).", "year": 2023, "pmid": "37959764", "doi": "10.3390/molecules28217345", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "C", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "BPC-157-055", "substance": "BPC-157", "reference": "Tohyama, Y, P Sikiric and M Diksic, 2004, Effects of Pentadecapeptide BPC157 on Regional Serotonin Synthesis in the Rat Brain: α-Methyl-L-Tryptophan Autoradiographic Measurements, Life Sci, 76(3):345-357.", "year": 2004, "pmid": "15531385", "doi": "10.1016/j.lfs.2004.08.010", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", 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2000, "pmid": "11087911", "doi": "10.1016/s0047-6374(00)00217-7", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": "Drosophila (non-mammalian), coded A" }, { "id": "Epitalon-174", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Khavinson, VK, N Yakovleva, V Popuchiev, I Kvetnoi and R Manokhina, 2001, Reparative Effect of Epithalon on Pineal Gland Ultrastructure in γ-Irradiated Rats, Bulletin Exp Biol Med, 131(1):81-85.", "year": 2001, "pmid": "11329090", "doi": "10.1023/a:1017599100641", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": "A", "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-175", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Khavinson, VK, 2001a, Tissue-Specific Effects of Peptides, Bulletin Exp Biol Med, 132:807-808", "year": 2001, "pmid": "11713572", "doi": "10.1023/a:1013058701974", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", 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Pivanovich, SN Shanin and EA Korneva, 2002a, Effects of Short Peptides on Thymocyte Blast Transformation and Signal Transduction Along the Sphingomyelin Pathway, Bull Exp Biol Med, 133(5):497-499.", "year": 2002, "pmid": "12420072", "doi": "10.1023/a:1019830308824", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-179", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Khavinson, VK, M Razumovsky, S Trofimova, R Grigorian and A Razumovskaya, 2002b, Pineal-Regulating Tetrapeptide Epitalon Improves Eye Retina Condition in Retinitis Pigmentosa, Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 23(4):365-368.", "year": 2002, "pmid": "12195242", "doi": null, "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "H", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-180", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Khavinson, VK, I Bondarev and A Butyugov, 2003, Epithalon 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F, D Jurk, JF Passos and F d’Adda di Fagagna, 2022, Telomere Dysfunction in Ageing and Age-Related Diseases, Nat Cell Biol, 24(2):135-147.", "year": 2022, "pmid": "35165420", "doi": "10.1038/s41556-022-00842-x", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-202", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Rundo, JV and R Downey, 3rd, 2019, Polysomnography, Handb Clin Neurol, 160:381-392.", "year": 2019, "pmid": null, "doi": null, "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-203", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Sateia, MJ, 2014, International Classification of Sleep Disorders-Third Edition: Highlights and Modifications, Chest, 146(5):1387-1394.", "year": 2014, "pmid": "25367475", "doi": "10.1378/chest.14-0970", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-204", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Sateia, MJ, DJ Buysse, AD Krystal, DN Neubauer and JL Heald, 2017, Clinical Practice Guideline for the Pharmacologic Treatment of Chronic Insomnia in Adults: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline, J Clin Sleep Med, 13(2):307-349.", "year": 2017, "pmid": "27998379", "doi": "10.5664/jcsm.6470", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-205", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Shammas, MA, 2011, Telomeres, Lifestyle, Cancer, and Aging, Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 14(1):28-34.", "year": 2011, "pmid": "21102320", "doi": "10.1097/mco.0b013e32834121b1", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-206", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Shrivastava, D, S Jung, M Saadat, R Sirohi and K Crewson, 2014, How to Interpret the Results of a Sleep Study, J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect, 4(5):24983.", "year": 2014, "pmid": "25432643", "doi": "10.3402/jchimp.v4.24983", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-207", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Slepushkin, VD, VF Mordovin, GK Zoloev, RA Iakovleva and VK Khavinson, 1983, Effect of the Epiphysial Preparation Epithalamin on the Gonadotropic Function of the Hypophysis, Probl Endokrinol (Mosk), 29(6):51-54.", "year": 1983, "pmid": null, "doi": null, "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "P", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-208", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Thau, L, J Gandhi and S Sharma, 2019, Physiology, Cortisol. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL), StatPearls Publishing.", "year": 2019, "pmid": null, "doi": null, "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-209", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Vanhee, C, G Moens, E Van Hoeck, E Deconinck and JO De Beer, 2015, Identification of the Small Research Tetra Peptide Epitalon, Assumed to be a Potential Treatment for Cancer, Old Age and Retinitis Pigmentosa in Two Illegal Pharmaceutical Preparations, Drug Test Anal, 7(3):259-264.", "year": 2015, "pmid": "25535022", "doi": "10.1002/dta.1771", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "C", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-210", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Youngstedt, SD, DF Kripke and JA Elliott, 1998, Melatonin Excretion Is Not Related to Sleep in the Elderly, J Pineal Res, 24(3):142-145.", "year": 1998, "pmid": "9551850", "doi": "10.1111/j.1600-079x.1998.tb00526.x", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": "X", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-211", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Yue, X, S-L Liu, J-N Guo, T-G Meng, X-R Zhang, H-X Li, C-Y Song, Z-B Wang, H Schatten and Q-Y Sun, 2022, Epitalon Protects against Post-Ovulatory Aging-Related Damage of Mouse Oocytes in Vitro, Aging (Albany NY), 14(7):3191.", "year": 2022, "pmid": "35413689", "doi": "10.18632/aging.204007", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-212", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Zapadka, KL, FJ Becher, AL Gomes Dos Santos and SE Jackson, 2017, Factors Affecting the Physical Stability (Aggregation) of Peptide Therapeutics, Interface Focus, 7(6):20170030.", "year": 2017, "pmid": "29147559", "doi": "10.1098/rsfs.2017.0030", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-213", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Zisapel, N, 2018, New Perspectives on the Role of Melatonin in Human Sleep, Circadian Rhythms and Their Regulation, Brit J Pharmacol, 175(16):3190-3199.", "year": 2018, "pmid": "29318587", "doi": "10.1111/bph.14116", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-214", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Anisimov, V., 2001. Experimental research on ageing in Russia. Experimental Gerontology, 36(7), pp.935–945. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0531-5565(00)00262-x", "year": 2001, "pmid": "11404042", "doi": "10.1016/s0531-5565(00)00262-x", "duplicate_of": "Epitalon-153", "evidence_type": null, "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-215", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Korkushko, O.V. et al., 2011. Peptide Geroprotector from the Pituitary Gland Inhibits Rapid Aging of Elderly People: Results of 15-Year Follow-Up. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 151(3), pp.366–369. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10517-011-1332-x. Khavinson VKh, Morozov VG. Peptides of pineal gland and thymus prolong human life. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2003;24(3-4):233-240. Are there safety and efficacy data on compounded drugs using the nominated substance? Malinin, V.V. & Khavinson, V.K., 2005. Effect of Epitalon on Telomerase Activity,Telomere Elongation and Proliferative Potential in Human Somatic Cells. Gerontological Aspects of Genome Peptide Regulation, pp.52–57. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000085319.", "year": 2011, "pmid": "22451889", "doi": "10.1007/s10517-011-1332-x", "duplicate_of": "Epitalon-188", "evidence_type": null, "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-216", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Khavinson, V.K. et al., (2003). Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 135(6), 590- 592. Anisimov VN, Khavinson VKh. Peptide bioregulation of aging: results and prospects. Biogerontology. 2010;11(2):139-149.", "year": 2003, "pmid": "12937682", "doi": "10.1023/a:1025493705728", "duplicate_of": "Epitalon-180", "evidence_type": null, "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-217", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Khavinson, V.K., et al., 2001. Reparative effect of epithalon on pineal gland ultrastructure in gamma- irradiated rats. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 131(1), 81-85. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11329090.", "year": 2001, "pmid": "11329090", "doi": "10.1023/a:1017599100641", "duplicate_of": "Epitalon-174", "evidence_type": null, "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-218", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Gumen, A.V. et al., 2006. Production of lymphocyte-activating factors by mouse macrophages during aging and under the effect of short peptides. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 142(3), pp.360–362. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10517-006-0366-y.", "year": 2006, "pmid": "17426849", "doi": "10.1007/s10517-006-0366-y", "duplicate_of": "Epitalon-168", "evidence_type": null, "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-219", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Khavinson, V.K. et al., 2001. Tissue-specific effects of peptides. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 132(2), 807-808. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11713572.", "year": 2001, "pmid": "11713572", "doi": "10.1023/a:1013058701974", "duplicate_of": "Epitalon-175", "evidence_type": null, "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Epitalon-220", "substance": "Epitalon", "reference": "Anisimov, V.N. et al., 2002. Epithalon Decelerates Aging and Suppresses Development of Breast Adenocarcinomas in Transgenic Her-2/neu Mice. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 134(2), 187-190. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459848.", "year": 2002, "pmid": "12459848", "doi": "10.1023/a:1021104819170", "duplicate_of": "Epitalon-156", "evidence_type": null, "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "KPV-221", "substance": "KPV", "reference": "Böhm, M and T Luger, 2019, Are Melanocortin Peptides Future Therapeutics for Cutaneous Wound Healing? Exp Dermatol, 28(3):219-224.", "year": 2019, "pmid": "30661264", "doi": "10.1111/exd.13887", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "R", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "KPV-222", "substance": "KPV", "reference": "Bonfiglio, V, G Camillieri, T Avitabile, GM Leggio and F Drago, 2006, Effects of the COOH- Terminal Tripeptide Alpha-MSH(11-13) on Corneal Epithelial Wound Healing: Role of Nitric Oxide, Exp Eye Res, 83(6):1366-1372.", "year": 2006, "pmid": "16965771", "doi": "10.1016/j.exer.2006.07.014", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": "A", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "KPV-223", "substance": "KPV", "reference": "Brzoska, T, TA Luger, C Maaser, C Abels and M Böhm, 2008, Α Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone and Related Tripeptides: Biochemistry, Antiinflammatory and Protective Effects in Vitro and in Vivo, and Future Perspectives for the Treatment of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Endocr Rev, 29(5):581-602.", "year": 2008, "pmid": "18612139", "doi": "10.1210/er.2007-0027", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "R", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "KPV-224", "substance": "KPV", "reference": "Dalmasso, G, L Charrier-Hisamuddin, HT Nguyen, Y Yan, S Sitaraman and D Merlin, 2008, Pept1-Mediated Tripeptide KPV Uptake Reduces Intestinal Inflammation, Gastroenterology, 134(1):166-178.", "year": 2008, "pmid": "18061177", "doi": "10.1053/j.gastro.2007.10.026", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "KPV-225", "substance": "KPV", "reference": "Frederix, PW, RV Ulijn, NT Hunt and T Tuttle, 2011, Virtual Screening for Dipeptide Aggregation: Toward Predictive Tools for Peptide Self-Assembly, J Phys Chem Lett, 2(19):2380-2384.", "year": 2011, "pmid": "23795243", "doi": "10.1021/jz2010573", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": "X", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "KPV-226", "substance": "KPV", "reference": "Getting, SJ, HB Schiöth and M Perretti, 2003, Dissection of the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of the Core and C-Terminal (KPV) α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Peptides, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 306(2):631-637.", "year": 2003, "pmid": "12750433", "doi": "10.1124/jpet.103.051623", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "KPV-227", "substance": "KPV", "reference": "Hiltz, ME and JM Lipton, 1989, Antiinflammatory Activity of a COOH-Terminal Fragment of the Neuropeptide Alpha-MSH, Faseb J, 3(11):2282-2284.", "year": 1989, "pmid": null, "doi": "10.1096/fasebj.3.11.2550304", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "KPV-228", "substance": "KPV", "reference": "Luger, TA and T Brzoska, 2007, Alpha-MSH Related Peptides: A New Class of Anti- Inflammatory and Immunomodulating Drugs, Ann Rheum Dis, 66 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):iii52-55.", "year": 2007, "pmid": "17934097", "doi": "10.1136/ard.2007.079780", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "R", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "KPV-229", "substance": "KPV", "reference": "Lyson, K, G Ceriani, A Takashima, A Catania and JM Lipton, 1994, Binding of Anti- Inflammatory Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating-Hormone Peptides and Proinflammatory Cytokines to Receptors on Melanoma Cells, Neuroimmunomodulation, 1(2):121-126.", "year": 1994, "pmid": "7489322", "doi": "10.1159/000097145", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "KPV-230", "substance": "KPV", "reference": "Mandrika, I, R Muceniece and JE Wikberg, 2001, Effects of Melanocortin Peptides on Lipopolysaccharide/Interferon-Gamma-Induced NF-Kappab DNA Binding and Nitric Oxide Production in Macrophage-Like Raw 264.7 Cells: Evidence for Dual Mechanisms of Action, Biochem Pharmacol, 61(5):613-621.", "year": 2001, "pmid": "11239505", "doi": "10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00583-9", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "KPV-231", "substance": "KPV", "reference": "Pahwa, R, A Goyal and I Jialal, 2025, Chronic Inflammation, Statpearls.", "year": 2025, "pmid": null, "doi": null, "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "KPV-232", "substance": "KPV", "reference": "Pawar, K, CS Kolli, VK Rangari and RJ Babu, 2017, Transdermal Iontophoretic Delivery of Lysine-Proline-Valine (KPV) Peptide across Microporated Human Skin, J Pharm Sci, 106(7):1814-1820.", "year": 2017, "pmid": "28343991", "doi": "10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.017", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "KPV-233", "substance": "KPV", "reference": "Ratanji, KD, JP Derrick, RJ Dearman and I Kimber, 2014, Immunogenicity of Therapeutic Proteins: Influence of Aggregation, J Immunotoxicol, 11(2):99-109.", "year": 2014, "pmid": "23919460", "doi": "10.3109/1547691x.2013.821564", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": "X", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "KPV-234", "substance": "KPV", "reference": "Singh, M and K Mukhopadhyay, 2014, Alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone: An Emerging Anti-Inflammatory Antimicrobial Peptide, Biomed Res Int, 2014:874610.", "year": 2014, "pmid": "25140322", "doi": "10.1155/2014/874610", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "P", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "KPV-235", "substance": "KPV", "reference": "Tatro, JB and ML Entwistle, 1994, Heterogeneity of Brain Melanocortin Receptors Suggested by Differential Ligand Binding in Situ, Brain Res, 635(1-2):148-158.", "year": 1994, "pmid": "8173950", "doi": "10.1016/0006-8993(94)91434-6", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "P", "coder2_evidence_type": "X", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "KPV-236", "substance": "KPV", "reference": "Zapadka KL, FJ Becher, AL Gomes Dos Santos and SE Jackson, 2017, Factors affecting the physical stability (aggregation) of peptide therapeutics, Interface Focus, 7(6).", "year": 2017, "pmid": "29147559", "doi": "10.1098/rsfs.2017.0030", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "KPV-237", "substance": "KPV", "reference": "Zhao, Y, L Huang, G Lin, M Tong, Y Xie, H Pan, J Shangguan, Q Yao, S Xu and H Xu, 2022, Skin-Adaptive Film Dressing with Smart-Release of Growth Factors Accelerated Diabetic Wound Healing, Int J Biol Macromol, 222(Pt B):2729-2743.", "year": 2022, "pmid": "36240893", "doi": "10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.054", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": "Zhao 2022 wound dressing; KPV content assumed from FDA citation, not verified in text" }, { "id": "MOTS-c-238", "substance": "MOTS-c", "reference": "Bhullar, KS, N Shang, E Kerek, K Wu and J Wu, 2021, Mitofusion Is Required for MOTS-c Induced GLUT4 Translocation, Sci Rep, 11(1):14291.", "year": 2021, "pmid": "34253808", "doi": "10.1038/s41598-021-93735-2", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "MOTS-c-239", "substance": "MOTS-c", "reference": "Frederix, PW, RV Ulijn, NT Hunt and T Tuttle, 2011, Virtual Screening for Dipeptide Aggregation: Toward Predictive Tools for Peptide Self-Assembly, J Phys Chem Lett, 2(19):2380-2384.", "year": 2011, "pmid": "23795243", "doi": "10.1021/jz2010573", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "MOTS-c-240", "substance": "MOTS-c", "reference": "Fuku, N, H Pareja-Galeano, H Zempo, R Alis, Y Arai, A Lucia and N Hirose, 2015, The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-C: A Player in Exceptional Longevity?, Aging Cell, 14(6):921-923.", "year": 2015, "pmid": "26289118", "doi": "10.1111/acel.12389", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "O", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "MOTS-c-241", "substance": "MOTS-c", "reference": "Hu, BT and WZ Chen, 2018, Mots-C Improves Osteoporosis by Promoting Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Via TGF-β/Smad Pathway, Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 22(21):7156-7163.", "year": 2018, "pmid": "30468456", "doi": "10.26355/eurrev_201811_16247", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", "coder2_evidence_type": "V", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "MOTS-c-242", "substance": "MOTS-c", "reference": "Kim, SJ, B Miller, HH Mehta, J Xiao, J Wan, TE Arpawong, K Yen and P Cohen, 2019, The Mitochondrial‐Derived Peptide MOTS‐c Is a Regulator of Plasma Metabolites and Enhances Insulin Sensitivity, Physiol Rep, 7(13):e14171.", "year": 2019, "pmid": "31293078", "doi": "10.14814/phy2.14171", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "MOTS-c-243", "substance": "MOTS-c", "reference": "Knoop, A, A Thomas and M Thevis, 2019, Development of a Mass Spectrometry Based Detection Method for the Mitochondrion‐Derived Peptide MOTS‐c in Plasma Samples for Doping Control Purposes, Rap Comm Mass Spec, 33(4):371-380.", "year": 2019, "pmid": "30394592", "doi": "10.1002/rcm.8337", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "C", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "MOTS-c-244", "substance": "MOTS-c", "reference": "Leboime, A, C Confavreux, N Mehsen, J Paccou, C David and C Roux, 2010, Osteoporosis and Mortality, Joint Bone Spine, 77(S2): S107-S112.", "year": 2010, "pmid": "21211746", "doi": "10.1016/s1297-319x(10)70004-x", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "MOTS-c-245", "substance": "MOTS-c", "reference": "Lee, C, KH Kim and P Cohen, 2016, MOTS-c: A Novel Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide Regulating Muscle and Fat Metabolism, Free Radic Biol Med, 100:182-187.", "year": 2016, "pmid": "27216708", "doi": "10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.015", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "R", "coder2_evidence_type": "A", "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "MOTS-c-246", "substance": "MOTS-c", "reference": "Lee, C, J Zeng, BG Drew, T Sallam, A Martin-Montalvo, J Wan, S-J Kim, H Mehta, AL Hevener and R de Cabo, 2015, The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-c Promotes Metabolic Homeostasis and Reduces Obesity and Insulin Resistance, Cell Metab, 21(3):443-454.", "year": 2015, "pmid": "25738459", "doi": "10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.009", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "MOTS-c-247", "substance": "MOTS-c", "reference": "Lu, H, S Tang, C Xue, Y Liu, J Wang, W Zhang, W Luo and J Chen, 2019a, Mitochondrial- Derived Peptide MOTS-c Increases Adipose Thermogenic Activation to Promote Cold Adaptation, Int J Mol Sci, 20(10):2456.", "year": 2019, "pmid": "31109005", "doi": "10.3390/ijms20102456", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": "A", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "MOTS-c-248", "substance": "MOTS-c", "reference": "Lu, H, M Wei, Y Zhai, Q Li, Z Ye, L Wang, W Luo, J Chen and Z Lu, 2019b, MOTS-C Peptide Regulates Adipose Homeostasis to Prevent Ovariectomy-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction, J Mol Med (Berl), 97(4):473-485.", "year": 2019, "pmid": "30725119", "doi": "10.1007/s00109-018-01738-w", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "MOTS-c-249", "substance": "MOTS-c", "reference": "Monteiro, A, G Scarlato, DF Cavalini and GE Shiguemoto, 2019, Humanin, MOTS-c and Physical Exercise: A New Perspective, Biomed Res, 3:1-6.", "year": 2019, "pmid": null, "doi": "10.15761/brr.1000129", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "R", "coder2_evidence_type": "R", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "MOTS-c-250", "substance": "MOTS-c", "reference": "Ratanji, KD, JP Derrick, RJ Dearman and I Kimber, 2014, Immunogenicity of Therapeutic Proteins: Influence of Aggregation, J Immunotoxicol, 11(2):99-109.", "year": 2014, "pmid": "23919460", "doi": "10.3109/1547691x.2013.821564", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "MOTS-c-251", "substance": "MOTS-c", "reference": "Reynolds, JC, RW Lai, JS Woodhead, JH Joly, CJ Mitchell, D Cameron-Smith, R Lu, P Cohen, NA Graham and BA Benayoun, 2021, MOTS-c Is an Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial-Encoded Regulator of Age-Dependent Physical Decline and Muscle Homeostasis, Nat Commun, 12(1):1- 11.", "year": 2021, "pmid": "33473109", "doi": "10.1038/s41467-020-20790-0", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "MOTS-c-252", "substance": "MOTS-c", "reference": "Wei, M, L Gan, Z Liu, L Liu, J-R Chang, D-C Yin, H-L Cao, X-L Su and WW Smith, 2020, Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-c Attenuates Vascular Calcification and Secondary Myocardial Remodeling Via Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway, Cardiorenal Med, 10(1):42-50.", "year": 2020, "pmid": "31694019", "doi": "10.1159/000503224", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "MOTS-c-253", "substance": "MOTS-c", "reference": "Yan, Z, S Zhu, H Wang, L Wang, T Du, Z Ye, D Zhai, Z Zhu, X Tian and Z Lu, 2019, MOTS-c Inhibits Osteolysis in the Mouse Calvaria by Affecting Osteocyte-Osteoclast Crosstalk and Inhibiting Inflammation, Pharmacol Res, 147:104381.", "year": 2019, "pmid": "31369811", "doi": "10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104381", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "MOTS-c-254", "substance": "MOTS-c", "reference": "Yang, Y, H Gao, H Zhou, Q Liu, Z Qi, Y Zhang and J Zhang, 2019, The Role of Mitochondria- Derived Peptides in Cardiovascular Disease: Recent Updates, Biomed Pharmacother, 117:109075.", "year": 2019, "pmid": "31185388", "doi": "10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109075", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "R", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "MOTS-c-255", "substance": "MOTS-c", "reference": "Zapadka, KL, FJ Becher, AL Gomes Dos Santos and SE Jackson, 2017, Factors Affecting the Physical Stability (Aggregation) of Peptide Therapeutics, Interface Focus, 7(6):20170030.", "year": 2017, "pmid": "29147559", "doi": "10.1098/rsfs.2017.0030", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": "X", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "MOTS-c-256", "substance": "MOTS-c", "reference": "Zheng, Y, Z Wei and T Wang, 2023, MOTS-c: A promising mitochondrial-derived peptide for therapeutic exploitation. 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APPENDICES", "year": 2023, "pmid": "36761202", "doi": "10.3389/fendo.2023.1120533", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "R", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-257", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Agapova, TY, YV Agniullin, M Shadrina, S Shram, P Slominsky, S Lymborska and N Myasoedov, 2007a, Neurotrophin Gene Expression in Rat Brain under the Action of Semax, an Analogue of ACTH4-10, Neurosci Lett, 417(2):201-205.", "year": 2007, "pmid": "17353092", "doi": "10.1016/j.neulet.2007.02.042", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-258", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Agapova TY, YV Agniullin, D Silachev, M Shadrina, P Slominsky, S Shram, S Limborskaya and N Myasoedov, 2007b, Expression Changes Caused by the Peptide Semax in the Intracellular Signal Pathway Genes in Rat 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"H", "coder2_evidence_type": "X", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": "Aminova 2016 congress abstract; semax use inferred from FDA citation" }, { "id": "Semax-261", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Bakaeva, Z, K Baglikova, P Klimova, L Andreeva and G Samonina, 2009, The Comparison of Gastroprotective Properties of Semax and Its Metabolites, Mosc Univ Biol Sci Bull, 64:137-140.", "year": 2009, "pmid": null, "doi": "10.3103/s0096392509040014", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-262", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Bakhmet, A and E Koplik, 2012, Antistress Effect of Semax in the Course of Recovery of Spleen Lymphoid Structures after the Stress in Rats with Different Behavioral Activity, Bull Exp Biol Med (USSR) (Engl Transl), 153:661-663.", "year": 2012, "pmid": "23113251", "doi": "10.1007/s10517-012-1792-7", "duplicate_of": null, 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"doi": "10.1023/b:dobs.0000017114.24474.40", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-274", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Eremin, KO, VS Kudrin, P Saransaari, SS Oja, IA Grivennikov, NF Myasoedov and KS Rayevsky, 2005, Semax, an ACTH (4-10) Analogue with Nootropic Properties, Activates Dopaminergic and Serotoninergic Brain Systems in Rodents, Neurochem Res, 30(12):1493- 1500.", "year": 2005, "pmid": "16362768", "doi": "10.1007/s11064-005-8826-8", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-275", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Frederix, PW, RV Ulijn, NT Hunt and T Tuttle, 2011, Virtual Screening for Dipeptide Aggregation: Toward Predictive Tools for Peptide Self-Assembly, J Phys Chem Lett, 2(19):2380-2384.", "year": 2011, "pmid": "23795243", "doi": 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Inhibition by Heavy Metals, Dokl Biol Sci, 468:112-114.", "year": 2016, "pmid": "27411820", "doi": "10.1134/s0012496616030066", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-283", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Ivanikov I, M Brekhova, G Samonina, N Myasoedov and I Ashmarin, 2002, Therapy of Peptic Ulcer with Semax Peptide, Bull Exp Biol Med, 134 (1): 73-74.", "year": 2002, "pmid": "12459874", "doi": "10.1023/a:1020621124776", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "H", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-284", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Ivanova, D, N Levitskaya, L Andreeva, LY Alfeeva, A Kamenskii and N Myasoedov, 2003, The Effect of Semax on Animal Pain Sensitivity in Various Experimental Models, Dokl Biol Sci, 388:5-8.", "year": 2003, "pmid": "12712960", "doi": "10.1023/a:1022475321901", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-285", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Ivanova, D, N Levitskaya, L Andreeva, A Kamenskii and N Myasoedov, 2007, Comparative Study of Analgesic Potency of ACTH 4-10 Fragment and Its Analog Semax, Bull Exp Biol Med (USSR) (Engl Transl), 143:5-8.", "year": 2007, "pmid": "18018999", "doi": "10.1007/s10517-007-0002-5", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-286", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Ivanova, D, D Vilensky, N Levitskaya, L Andreeva and A Kamensky, 2004, P. 2.16 ACTH (4- 10) Analogue Semax Attenuates Opioid-Induced Analgesia, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, (14):S32-S33.", "year": 2004, "pmid": null, "doi": "10.1016/s0924-977x(04)90039-9", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": "A", "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-287", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Ivanova, D, D Vilensky, N Levitskaya, L Andreeva and A Kamensky, 2005, P. 4.037 Study of Mechanisms of the ACTH (4-10) Analogue Semax Analgesic Activity, Eur Neuropsychopharmacol, (15):S192-S193.", "year": 2005, "pmid": null, "doi": "10.1016/s0924-977x(05)80390-6", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-288", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Johnston, S, M Nguyen-Huynh, M Schwarz, K Fuller, C Williams and S Josephson, 2006, National Stroke Association Guidelines for the Management of Transient Ischemic Attacks, Ann Neurol, 60:301-313.", "year": 2006, "pmid": "16912978", "doi": "10.1002/ana.20942", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-289", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Kaplan, A, A Kochetovaa, V Nezavibathko, T Rjasina and I Ashmarin, 1996, Synthetic ACTH Analogue Semax Displays Nootropic-Like Activity in Humans, Neurosci Res Comm, 19(2): 115-123.", "year": 1996, "pmid": null, "doi": "10.1002/(sici)1520-6769(199609)19:2<115::aid-nrc171>3.0.co;2-b", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "H", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-290", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Kleindorfer, D, A Towfighi, S Chaturvedi, K Cockroft, J Gutierrez, D Lombardi-Hill, H Kamel, W. Kernan, S Kittner, E Leira, O Lennon, J Meschia, T Nguyen, P Pollak and P Santangeli, 2021, 2021 Guideline for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack, Stroke, 52(7):e364-467.", "year": 2021, "pmid": null, "doi": null, "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-291", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Kolik, L, A Nadorova and M Kozlovskaya, 2014, Efficacy of Peptide Anxiolytic Selank During Modeling of Withdrawal Syndrome in Rats with Stable Alcoholic Motivation, Bull Exp Biol Med (USSR) (Engl Transl), 157:52-55.", "year": 2014, "pmid": "24913576", "doi": "10.1007/s10517-014-2490-4", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "P", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-292", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Kolomin, T, M Shadrina, P Slominsky, S Limborska and N Myasoedov, 2013, A New Generation of Drugs: Synthetic Peptides Based on Natural Regulatory Peptides, Neurosci Med, 4(04):223.", "year": 2013, "pmid": null, "doi": "10.4236/nm.2013.44035", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "R", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-293", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Kopylova, G, E Smirnova, LT Sanzhieva, B Umarova, T Lelekova and G Samonina, 2003, Glyprolines and Semax Prevent Stress-Induced Microcirculatory Disturbances in the Mesentery, Bull Exp Biol Med (USSR) (Engl Transl), 136:441-443.", "year": 2003, "pmid": "14968154", "doi": "10.1023/b:bebm.0000017087.90585.a9", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-294", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Koroleva, M, E Meizerov, V Nezavibat'ko, A Kamenskii, V Dubynin and YB Yakovlev, 1996, Analgesic Action of the New Drug Semax, Bull Exp Biol Med (USSR) (Engl Transl), 122:1107- 1109.", "year": 1996, "pmid": null, "doi": "10.1007/bf02447659", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "H", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-295", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Kost, N, OY Sokolov, M Gabaeva, I Grivennikov, L Andreeva, N Myasoedov and A Zozulya, 2001, Semax and Selank Inhibit the Enkephalin-Degrading Enzymes of Human Serum, Russian J Bioorg Chem, 27(3):156-159.", "year": 2001, "pmid": "11443939", "doi": "10.1023/a:1011373002885", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-296", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Lebedeva, I, YR Panikratova, OY Sokolov, D Kupriyanov, A Rumshiskaya, N Kost and N Myasoedov, 2018, Effects of Semax on the Default Mode Network of the Brain, Bull Exp Biol Med (USSR) (Engl Transl), 165(5):653-656.", "year": 2018, "pmid": "30225715", "doi": "10.1007/s10517-018-4234-3", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "H", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-297", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Levitskaya, N, D Vilenskii, E Sebentsova, L Andreeva, A Kamensky and N Myasoedov, 2010, Influence of Semax on the Emotional State of White Rats in the Norm and against the Background of Cholecystokinin-Tetrapeptide Action, Biol Bull, 37:186-192.", "year": 2010, "pmid": null, "doi": "10.1134/s1062359010020147", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-298", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Lin, T, E Liu, H He, MC Shin, C Moon, VC Yang and Y Huang, 2016, Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Macromolecules Mediated by Cell-Penetrating Peptides, Acta Pharm Sin B, 6(4):352-358.", "year": 2016, "pmid": "27471676", "doi": "10.1016/j.apsb.2016.04.001", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-299", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Lyapina, L, V Pastorova, TY Obergan, G Samonina, I Ashmarin and N Myasoedov, 2006, Comparison of Anticoagulant Effects of Regulatory Proline-Containing Oligopeptides. Specificity of Glyprolines, Semax, and Selank and Potential for Their Practical Application, Biol Bull, 33:153-161.", "year": 2006, "pmid": null, "doi": "10.1134/s1062359006020099", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-300", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Malyshev, A, E Razumkina, V Dubynin and N Myasoedov, 2013, Semax Corrects Brain Dysfunction Caused by Prenatal Introduction of Valproic Acid, Dokl Biochem Sci, 450(1):126.", "year": 2013, "pmid": "23821048", "doi": "10.1134/s0012496613030046", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": "A", "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-301", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Manchenko, D, NY Glazova, N Levitskaya, L Andreeva, A Kamenskii and N Myasoedov, 2012, The Nootropic and Analgesic Effects of Semax Given Via Different Routes, Neurosci Behav Physiol, 42:264-270.", "year": 2012, "pmid": null, "doi": "10.1007/s11055-012-9562-6", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-302", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Medvedeva, EV, VG Dmitrieva, OV Povarova, SA Limborska, VI Skvortsova, NF Myasoedov and LV Dergunova, 2014, The Peptide Semax Affects the Expression of Genes Related to the Immune and Vascular Systems in Rat Brain Focal Ischemia: Genome-Wide Transcriptional Analysis, BMC Genomics, 15:1-12.", "year": 2014, "pmid": "24661604", "doi": "10.1186/1471-2164-15-228", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-303", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Meshavkin, V, N Kost, OY Sokolov, YA Zolotarev, N Myasoedov and A Zozulya, 2006, Naloxone-Blocked Depriming Effect of Anxiolytic Selank on Apomorphine-Induced Behavioral Manifestations of Hyperfunction of Dopamine System, Bull Exp Biol Med (USSR) (Engl Transl), 142:598-600.", "year": 2006, "pmid": "17415472", "doi": "10.1007/s10517-006-0428-1", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "P", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-304", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Meshavkin, VK, NV Kost, OY Sokolov, LA Andreeva and NF Myasoedov, 2013, The Influence of Oligopeptides on Spontaneous Carcinogenesis in Mice, Dokl Biol Sci, 449:79-81.", "year": 2013, "pmid": "23652432", "doi": "10.1134/s0012496613020087", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-305", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Miasoedova, N, V Skvortsova, E Nasonov, E Zhuravleva, I Grivennikov, E Arsen’eva and I Sukhanov, 1999, Investigation of Mechanisms of Neuroprotective Effect of Semax in Acute Period of Ischemic Stroke, Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni SS Korsakova / Ministerstvo zdravookhraneniia i meditsinskoĭ promyshlennosti Rossiĭskoĭ Federatsii, Vserossiĭskoe obshchestvo nevrologov [i] Vserossiĭskoe obshchestvo psikhiatrov, 15:15-19.", "year": 1999, "pmid": null, "doi": null, "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "H", "coder2_evidence_type": "A", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-306", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Orlov, A, A Khomutov, I Mukhina, YB Zimin, S Parin and D Kozin, 1999, Effect of Semax and Semax-Heparin Mixture on Isolated Heart Activity after Total Ischemia in Rats, Bull Exp Biol Med (USSR) (Engl Transl), 128:1084-1086.", "year": 1999, "pmid": null, "doi": "10.1007/bf02433405", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", "coder2_evidence_type": "V", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-307", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Panikratova, YR, IS Lebedeva, OY Sokolov, AD Rumshiskaya, DA Kupriyanov, NV Kost and NF Myasoedov, 2020, Functional Connectomic Approach to Studying Selank and Semax Effects, Dok Biol Sci: Proc Acad Sci USSR, Biol Sci Sec, 490(1): 9-11.", "year": 2020, "pmid": "32342318", "doi": "10.1134/s001249662001007x", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "H", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-308", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Ponomareva-Stepnaya, MA, VN Nezavibat'ko, LV Antonova, LA Andreeva, LY Alfeeva, VN Potaman, AA Kamenskii and IP Ashmarin, 1984, An Analog of ACTH4-10 – A Long-Action Stimulator of Learning, Pharm Chem J, 18: 445-450.", "year": 1984, "pmid": null, "doi": "10.1007/bf00769795", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": "A", "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-309", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Potaman, V, L Alfeeva, A Kamensky, N Levitzkaya and V Nezavibatko, 1991a, N-Terminal Degradation of ACTH (4–10) and Its Synthetic Analog Semax by the Rat Blood Enzymes, Bioch Biophys Res Comm, 176(2):741-746.", "year": 1991, "pmid": "1851003", "doi": "10.1016/s0006-291x(05)80247-5", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-310", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Potaman, VN, LY Alfeeva, AA Kamensky and VN Nezavibatko, 1993, Degradation of ACTH/MSH(4-10) and Its Synthetic Analog Semax by Rat Serum Enzymes: An Inhibitor Study, Peptides, 14(3):491-495.", "year": 1993, "pmid": "8392718", "doi": "10.1016/0196-9781(93)90137-6", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-311", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Potaman, V, L Antonova, V Dubynin, D Zaitzev, A Kamensky, N Myasoedov and V Nezavibatko, 1991b, Entry of the Synthetic ACTH (4-10) Analogue into the Rat Brain Following Intravenous Injection, Neurosci Lett, 127(1):133-136.", "year": 1991, "pmid": "1652713", "doi": "10.1016/0304-3940(91)90912-d", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-312", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Powers W, A Rabinstein, T Ackerson, O Adeoye, N Bambakidis, K Becker, J Biller, M Brown, B Demaerschalk, B Hoh, E Jauch, C Kidwell, T Leslie-Mazwi, B Ovboagele, P Scott, K Sheth, A Southerland, D Summers and D Tirschwell, 2019, Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2019 Update to the 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association, Stroke, 50 (12): e344-e418.", "year": 2019, "pmid": "29367334", "doi": "10.1161/str.0000000000000158", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": "X", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-313", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Proskurina, T, E Mykhailova and T Matkovska, 2018, Some Questions of Therapy of Vegetative Disorders in Children and Adolescents with Depression, 26th European Congress of Psychiatry, E-Poster, 48S:S359–S566.", "year": 2018, "pmid": null, "doi": null, "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "H", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": "Proskurina 2018 e-poster; semax use inferred from FDA citation" }, { "id": "Semax-314", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Ratanji, KD, JP Derrick, RJ Dearman and I Kimber, 2014, Immunogenicity of Therapeutic Proteins: Influence of Aggregation, J Immunotoxicol, 11(2):99-109.", "year": 2014, "pmid": "23919460", "doi": "10.3109/1547691x.2013.821564", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-315", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Romanova, G, D Silachev, F Shakova, YN Kvashennikova, I Viktorov, S Shram and N Myasoedov, 2006, Neuroprotective and Antiamnesic Effects of Semax During Experimental Ischemic Infarction of the Cerebral Cortex, Bull Exp Biol Med (USSR) (Engl Transl), 142:663- 666.", "year": 2006, "pmid": "17603664", "doi": "10.1007/s10517-006-0445-0", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-316", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Safarova, E, S Shram, I Grivennikov and N Myasoedov, 2002, Trophic Effects of Nootropic Peptide Preparations Cerebrolysin and Semax on Cultured Rat Pheochromocytoma, Bull Exp Biol Med (USSR) (Engl Transl), 133:401-403.", "year": 2002, "pmid": "12124658", "doi": "10.1023/a:1016270626439", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-317", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Severyanova, L, A Kryukov, D Plotnikov and M Dolgintsev, 2020, Peptide ACTH4-7-Pgp: Effects on Various Types of Pain and Pain-Induced Behavior in Rats after Systemic and Central Administration, Bull Exp Biol Med (USSR) (Engl Transl), 170(2):185-190.", "year": 2020, "pmid": "33263853", "doi": "10.1007/s10517-020-05029-8", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-318", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Shevchenko, KV, I Nagaev, L Alfeeva, LA Andreeva, AA Kamenskiĭ, NG Levitskaia, VP Shevchenko, IA Grivennikov and NF Miasoedov, 2006a, [Kinetics of Semax Penetration into the Brain and Blood of Rats after Its Intranasal Administration], Bioorg Khim, 32(1):64-70.", "year": 2006, "pmid": "16523722", "doi": "10.1134/s1068162006010055", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-319", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Shevchenko, K, IY Nagaev, LY Alfeeva, L Andreeva, A Kamenskii, N Levitskaya, V Shevchenko, I Grivennikova and N Myasoedov, 2006b, Kinetics of Semax Penetration into the Brain and Blood of Rats after Its Intranasal Administration, Russ J Bioorg Chem, 32:57-62.", "year": 2006, "pmid": "16523722", "doi": "10.1134/s1068162006010055", "duplicate_of": "Semax-318", "evidence_type": null, "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-320", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Shevchenko, K, IY Nagaev, L Andreeva, V Shevchenko and N Myasoedov, 2013, Stability of Semax Acetyl to Proteolysis in Various Biological Media, Dokl Biol Sci, 449(1):110.", "year": 2013, "pmid": "23652441", "doi": "10.1134/s0012496613020166", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-321", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Silachev, D, S Shram, F Shakova, G Romanova and N Myasoedov, 2009, Formation of Spatial Memory in Rats with Ischemic Lesions to the Prefrontal Cortex; Effects of a Synthetic Analog of ACTH (4-7), Neurosci Behav Physiol, 39(8):749-756.", "year": 2009, "pmid": "19779827", "doi": "10.1007/s11055-009-9197-4", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-322", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Sims, SK, B Wilken-Resman, CJ Smith, A Mitchell, L McGonegal and C Sims-Robinson, 2022, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Nerve Growth Factor Therapeutics for Brain Injury: The Current Translational Challenges in Preclinical and Clinical Research, Neural Plast, 2022:3889300.", "year": 2022, "pmid": "35283994", "doi": "10.1155/2022/3889300", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-323", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Slominsky, P, M Shadrina, T Kolomin, A Stavrovskaya, E Filatova, L Andreeva, S Illarioshkin and N Myasoedov, 2017, Peptides Semax and Selank Affect the Behavior of Rats with 6-OHDA Induced PD-Like Parkinsonism, Dokl Biol Sci, 474:106-109.", "year": 2017, "pmid": "28702721", "doi": "10.1134/s0012496617030048", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-324", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Solov’ev, V, M Gengin, A Stolyarov, O Solov’eva, M Begutov and O Lyubchenko, 2016, The Activities of Basic Carboxypeptidases in the Nervous System of Rats During Exercise Stress and in Response to Semax and Selank, Neurochem J, 10:59-63.", "year": 2016, "pmid": null, "doi": "10.1134/s1819712416010141", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-325", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Spetter, MS and M Hallschmid, 2015, Intranasal Neuropeptide Administration to Target the Human Brain in Health and Disease, Mol Pharm, 12(8):2767-2780.", "year": 2015, "pmid": "25880274", "doi": "10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00047", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-326", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Stavchansky, VV, VV Yuzhakov, AY Botsina, VI Skvortsova, LN Bondurko, MG Tsyganova, SA Limborska, NF Myasoedov and LV Dergunova, 2011, The Effect of Semax and Its C-End Peptide PGP on the Morphology and Proliferative Activity of Rat Brain Cells During Experimental Ischemia: A Pilot Study, J Mol Neurosci, 45:177-185.", "year": 2011, "pmid": "20617398", "doi": "10.1007/s12031-010-9421-2", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-327", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Tarasov VV, NV Kudryashov, VN Chubarev, TS Kalinina, GE Barreto, GM Ashraf, G Aliev, 2018, Pharmacological Aspects of Neuro-Immune Interactions, Curr Pharmac Des, 24(1):15-21. Tsai SJ, 2007, Semax, An Analogue of Adrenocorticotropin (4-10), is a Potential Agent for the Treatment of Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Rett Syndrome, Med Hyp, 68(5): 1144-1146.", "year": 2018, "pmid": "28875850", "doi": "10.2174/1381612823666170829135115", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": "R", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-328", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Vlasova, I, D Buravtcov and A Saletsky, 2009, Luminescence Analysis of Blood Components in Studies of the Neuroprotective Properties of the Drug “Semax” in Cerebral Ischemia, J Appl Spec, 76:121-126.", "year": 2009, "pmid": null, "doi": "10.1007/s10812-009-9141-y", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-329", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Volkow, ND, G-J Wang, F Telang, JS Fowler, J Logan, A-R Childress, M Jayne, Y Ma and C Wong, 2006, Cocaine Cues and Dopamine in Dorsal Striatum: Mechanism of Craving in Cocaine Addiction, J Neurosci, 26(24):6583-6588.", "year": 2006, "pmid": "16775146", "doi": "10.1523/jneurosci.1544-06.2006", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": "X", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-330", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Volodina, M, E Sebentsova, NY Glazova, N Levitskaya, L Andreeva, D Manchenko, A Kamensky and N Myasoedov, 2012, Semax Attenuates the Infl Uence of Neonatal Maternal Deprivation on the Behavior of Adolescent White Rats, Bull Exp Biol Med (USSR) (Engl Transl), 152(5):560-563.", "year": 2012, "pmid": "22803132", "doi": "10.1007/s10517-012-1574-2", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "Semax-331", "substance": "Semax", "reference": "Zapadka, KL, Becher FJ, Gomes Dos Santos AL and Jackson SE, 2017, Factors Affecting the Physical Stability (Aggregation) of Peptide Therapeutics, Interface Focus, 7(6). V. APPENDICES", "year": 2017, "pmid": "29147559", "doi": "10.1098/rsfs.2017.0030", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-332", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Esposito, S, K Deventer, J Goeman, J Van der Eycken and P Van Eenoo, 2012, Synthesis and Characterization of the N-Terminal Acetylated 17-23 Fragment of Thymosin Beta 4 Identified in TB-500, a Product Suspected to Possess Doping Potential, Drug Test Anal, 4(9):733-738.", "year": 2012, "pmid": "22962027", "doi": "10.1002/dta.1402", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "C", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-333", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Fields, GB and Noble, RL, 1990, Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis Utilizing 9- Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl Amino Acids, Int J Pept Protein Res, 35(3):161-214.", "year": 1990, "pmid": "2191922", "doi": "10.1111/j.1399-3011.1990.tb00939.x", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": "C", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-334", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Frederix, PW, RV Ulijn, NT Hunt and T Tuttle, 2011, Virtual Screening for Dipeptide Aggregation: Toward Predictive Tools for Peptide Self-Assembly, J Phys Chem Lett, 2(19):2380-2384.", "year": 2011, "pmid": "23795243", "doi": "10.1021/jz2010573", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-335", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Goldstein, AL, E Hannappel and HK Kleinman, 2005, Thymosin β4: Actin-Sequestering Protein Moonlights to Repair Injured Tissues, Trends Mol Med, 11(9):421-429.", "year": 2005, "pmid": "16099219", "doi": "10.1016/j.molmed.2005.07.004", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "P", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-336", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Hannappel, E, GJ Xu, J Morgan, J Hempstead and B Horecker, 1982, Thymosin β4: A Ubiquitous Peptide in Rat and Mouse Tissues, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 79(7):2172-2175.", "year": 1982, "pmid": null, "doi": "10.1073/pnas.79.17.5443-b", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "P", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-337", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Ho, EN, WH Kwok, MY Lau, AS Wong, TS Wan, KK Lam, PJ Schiff and BD Stewart, 2012, Doping Control Analysis of TB-500, a Synthetic Version of an Active Region of Thymosin β4, in Equine Urine and Plasma by Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry, J Chromatogr A, 1265:57-69.", "year": 2012, "pmid": "23084823", "doi": "10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.043", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "C", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-338", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Isidro-Llobet, A, MN Kenworthy, S Mukherjee, ME Kopach, K Wegner, F Gallou, AG Smith and F Roschangar, 2019, Sustainability Challenges in Peptide Synthesis and Purification: From R&D to Production, J Org Chem, 84(8):4615-4628.", "year": 2019, "pmid": null, "doi": null, "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-339", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Kleinman, HK and G Sosne, 2016, Thymosin β4 Promotes Dermal Healing, Vitam Horm, 102:251-275.", "year": 2016, "pmid": "27450738", "doi": "10.1016/bs.vh.2016.04.005", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "P", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-340", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Low, T, SK Hu and AL Goldstein, 1981, Complete Amino Acid Sequence of Bovine Thymosin β4: A Thymic Hormone That Induces Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Activity in Thymocyte Populations, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 78(2):1162-1166.", "year": 1981, "pmid": "6940133", "doi": "10.1073/pnas.78.2.1162", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "P", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-341", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Mannherz, HG and E Hannappel, 2009, The Βeta‐Thymosins: Intracellular and Extracellular Activities of a Versatile Actin Binding Protein Family, Cell Motil Cytoskeleton, 66(10):839-851.", "year": 2009, "pmid": "19405116", "doi": "10.1002/cm.20371", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "P", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-342", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Philp, D, M Badamchian, B Scheremeta, M Nguyen, AL Goldstein and HK Kleinman, 2003, Thymosin β4 and a Synthetic Peptide Containing Its Actin-Binding Domain Promote Dermal Wound Repair in db/db Diabetic Mice and in Aged Mice, Wound Repair Regen, 11(1):19-24.", "year": 2003, "pmid": "12581423", "doi": "10.1046/j.1524-475x.2003.11105.x", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "P", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": "LKKTETQ fragment of thymosin beta-4, acetylation not stated; FDA did not count it as TB-500" }, { "id": "TB-500-343", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Pineau, T, A Schopfer, L Grossrieder, J Broséus, P Esseiva and Q Rossy, 2016, The Study of Doping Market: How to Produce Intelligence From Internet Forums, Forensic Sci Int, 268:103- 115.", "year": 2016, "pmid": "27710891", "doi": "10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.09.017", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-344", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Rahaman, KA, AR Muresan, H Min, J Son, HS Han, MJ Kang and OS Kwon, 2024, Simultaneous Quantification of TB-500 and Its Metabolites in In-Vitro Experiments and Rats by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS and Their Screening by Wound Healing Activities in- Vitro, J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci, 1235:124033.", "year": 2024, "pmid": "38382158", "doi": "10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124033", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "A", "coder2_evidence_type": "C", "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-345", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Ratanji, KD, JP Derrick, RJ Dearman and I Kimber, 2014, Immunogenicity of Therapeutic Proteins: Influence of Aggregation, J Immunotoxicol, 11(2):99-109.", "year": 2014, "pmid": "23919460", "doi": "10.3109/1547691x.2013.821564", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-346", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Rebar, RW, A Miyake, TL Low and AL Goldstein, 1981, Thymosin Stimulates Secretion of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Factor, Science, 214(4521):669-671.", "year": 1981, "pmid": "7027442", "doi": "10.1126/science.7027442", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "P", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-347", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Ree, R, S Varland and T Arnesen, 2018, Spotlight on Protein N-Terminal Acetylation, Exp Mol Med, 50(7):1-13.", "year": 2018, "pmid": "30054468", "doi": "10.1038/s12276-018-0116-z", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-348", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Shah, R, K Reyes-Gordillo and M Rojkind, 2018, Thymosin β4 Inhibits PDGF-BB Induced Activation, Proliferation, and Migration of Human Hepatic Stellate Cells via Its Actin-Binding Domain, Expert Opin Biol Ther, 18(s1):177-184.", "year": 2018, "pmid": "30063851", "doi": "10.1080/14712598.2018.1478961", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-349", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Sosne, G, P Qiu, AL Goldstein and M Wheater, 2010, Biological Activities of Thymosin β4 Defined by Active Sites in Short Peptide Sequences, FASEB J, 24(7):2144-2151.", "year": 2010, "pmid": "20179146", "doi": "10.1096/fj.09-142307", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "V", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": "short Tβ4 sequences in vitro; relation to Ac-LKKTETQ not established from title" }, { "id": "TB-500-350", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Zapadka, KL, FJ Becher, AL Gomes Dos Santos and SE Jackson, 2017, Factors Affecting the Physical Stability (Aggregation) of Peptide Therapeutics, Interface Focus, 7(6):20170030.", "year": 2017, "pmid": "29147559", "doi": "10.1098/rsfs.2017.0030", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "X", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-351", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Zvereva, I, E Semenistaya, G Krotov and G Rodchenkov, 2016, Comparison of Various In Vitro Model Systems of the Metabolism of Synthetic Doping Peptides: Proteolytic Enzymes, Human Blood Serum, Liver and Kidney Microsomes and Liver S9 Fraction, J Proteomics, 149:85-97.", "year": 2016, "pmid": "27569051", "doi": "10.1016/j.jprot.2016.08.016", "duplicate_of": null, "evidence_type": "C", "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-352", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Philp, Deborah et al. “Thymosin beta 4 and a synthetic peptide containing its actin-binding domain promote dermal wound repair in db/db diabetic mice and in aged mice.” Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society vol. 11,1 (2003): 19-24. doi:10.1046/j.1524-475x.2003.11105.x", "year": null, "pmid": "12581423", "doi": "10.1046/j.1524-475x.2003.11105.x", "duplicate_of": "TB-500-342", "evidence_type": null, "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-353", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Shah, Ruchi et al. “Thymosin β4 inhibits PDGF-BB induced activation, proliferation, and migration of human hepatic stellate cells via its actin-binding domain.” Expert opinion on biological therapy vol. 18,sup1 (2018): 177-184. doi:10.1080/14712598.2018.1478961", "year": null, "pmid": "30063851", "doi": "10.1080/14712598.2018.1478961", "duplicate_of": "TB-500-348", "evidence_type": null, "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": false, "core_or_partner_author": false, "note": null }, { "id": "TB-500-354", "substance": "TB-500", "reference": "Sosne, Gabriel et al. “Biological activities of thymosin beta4 defined by active sites in short peptide sequences.” FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology vol. 24,7 (2010): 2144-51. doi:10.1096/fj.09-142307", "year": null, "pmid": "20179146", "doi": "10.1096/fj.09-142307", "duplicate_of": "TB-500-349", "evidence_type": null, "coder2_evidence_type": null, "core_author": true, "core_or_partner_author": true, "note": null } ], "evidence_index_rows": { "BPC-157": { "total_pubmed_relevant": 232, "human_refs_in_fda_list": 6, "ct_interventional_administering": 3, "fecha": "2026-10-25" }, "KPV": { "total_pubmed_relevant": 123, "human_refs_in_fda_list": 0, "ct_interventional_administering": 0, "fecha": "2026-10-25" }, "TB-500": { "total_pubmed_relevant": 30, "human_refs_in_fda_list": 0, "ct_interventional_administering": 1, "fecha": "2026-10-25" }, "MOTS-c": { "total_pubmed_relevant": 257, "human_refs_in_fda_list": 0, "ct_interventional_administering": 1, "fecha": "2026-10-25" }, "Emideltide": { "total_pubmed_relevant": 449, "human_refs_in_fda_list": 14, "ct_interventional_administering": 0, "fecha": "2026-10-25" }, "Epitalon": { "total_pubmed_relevant": 167, "human_refs_in_fda_list": 3, "ct_interventional_administering": 0, "fecha": "2026-10-25" }, "Semax": { "total_pubmed_relevant": 212, "human_refs_in_fda_list": 12, "ct_interventional_administering": 0, "fecha": "2026-10-25" } } }